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A blue compound called copper sulfate pentahydrate; the anhydrous form of this compound (copper sulfate) is...

A blue compound called copper sulfate pentahydrate; the anhydrous form of this compound (copper sulfate) is white.

Why? What causes the color change when water molecules are removed?

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Answer #1

In most of the transition metal complexes colour arises due to d-d transition in accord with crystal field theory. In presence of water molecule, there occurs splitting of the d-orbital in to t2g (lower energy) and eg (higher energy) due to loss of degeneracy. As a result of the splitting of d-orbital a substantial transition of electron in between t2g and eg level leading to colour formation.

On the otherhand, in anhydrous copper sulfate, the degeneracy of the d-orbital is maintained and no such transition of electrons takes place and hence appears white.

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