Question

Critical Thinking 1. What problems are associated with the use of live attenuated vaccines? 2. Many of the serological tests require a supply of antibodies against pathogens. For example, to test for Salmonella, anti- Salmonella antibodies are mixed with the unknown bacterium. How are these antibodies obtained? 3. A test for antibodies against Treponema pallidum uses the antigen cardiolipin and the patient's serum (suspected of having antibodies). Why do the antibodies react with cardio- lipin? What is the disease?

Answer 1

1.Live attenuated vaccines contain living microbe which is weak and can not cause disease but the attenuated form of pathogen sometimes show mutation and somehow it got the ability to cause disease. when virus recover its virulence then it cause disease.One more problem associated with attenuated vaccines comes during their culturing.When they are grown in cultured vessels then there are chances of contamination.these contaminating organisms may invade the culture and incorporate themselves into the vaccines.

Answer 2.serological techniques are based on detection of antibodies which are generated against any microbe or any infectious agent.serological test are performed on blood or any body fluid like semen or saliva. different techniques are used to detect or obtain antibodies like western blotting ,ELISA etc.