Question

We hear the term database all the time. Give some examples of databases that you interact with on a regular basis. What makes a database relational? What is a file storage system? How does a relational database differ from a file storage system?

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Answer 1

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EXAMPLES

Cell service providers

• Call Detail Record (CDR) databases - Every phone call you make or recieve creates a CDR and stores the calling number, receiving number, and call length
• SMS/MMS records for text and multimedia messages - These are sent to cell service providers for routing between different providers and delivery to intended recipients

Smartphone apps

• Geolocation data - Almost every social media app and messaging app will capture location data and add it to your social media posts and messages
• Sentiment analysis - Everything you post on public-facing social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., is consumed an analyzed by many data aggregators and analysis companies, starting with the social media network itself

Search engines

• Geolocation data captured by search engine providers, cross referenced with WiFi network location data, to better pinpoint your location
• Common search terms
  • The search terms you use are gathered by search engines
  • Autocompletion suggestions based on what you're typing into a search engine

What makes a database relational?

The real reason is because of something called relational algebra, which takes its name from a mathematical construct called a relation. It really doesn’t have any obvious or intuitive association with “relationships.” It’s one of those words that a mathematician redefined for a very specific purpose, and that was the end of it. Just like in computer science, where we use words such as “inheritance,” “class,” and “instantiate” in very specific ways that don’t make sense to non-programmers, “relation” has a meaning that makes most people’s eyes glaze over.

What is a file storage system?

File storage, also called file-level or file-based storage, stores data in a hierarchical structure. The data is saved in files and folders, and presented to both the system storing it and the system retrieving it in the same format.

Difference between File processing system and DBMS:

1. A database management system coordinates both the physical and the logical access to the data, whereas a file-processing system coordinates only the physical access.

2.A database management system is designed to allow flexible access to data (i.e. queries), whereas a file-processing system is designed to allow predetermined access to data (i.e. compiled programs).

3. A database management system is designed to coordinate multiple users accessing the same data at the same time. A file-processing system is usually designed to allow one or more programs to access different data files at the same time. In a file-processing system, a file can be accessed by two programs concurrently only if both programs have read-only access to the file.

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