Question

S . 2010 mods that sometimes Goes NOT meet the doc the Le MOST i the daw tor Mania Dyschymi Melancholis / A major depressive episode the have been per Bipolar I but not bipolar 0 Bipolar Il but not bipolar & Both bipolar 1 and 11 d. Cyclothymia clochymia cyclothymiais 7. 8. In learning-based accounts of anxiety disorders, a, classical and operant conditioning are important b. observational learning dominates classical conditioning is only involved d. operant conditioning is only involved. are the go-to form of medication for depression. a. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) b. Tricyclic antidepressants c. Antipsychotics d Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) 10. Gradual exposure to a feared stimulus may occur during a. behavior modification systematic desensitization c. cognitive therapy. d. psychoanalytic therapy, 11. For the last week, Adam has been sleeping very little, yet still seems full enthusiasm. His extreme optimism has led him to take foolish risks. He money--for instance, betting on a horse that he was sure would win. state. @ Depressive b. Manic Melancholic d. Dissociative

Answer 1

Answer 6 - Cyclothymia

Cyclothymia is not as extreme as bipolar disorder. Cyclothymia is also a mood disorder but it is relatively milder than bipolar disorder. The only difference in both bipolar disorder and cyclothymia is that unlike bipolar disorder, individuals suffering from cyclothymia do not experience full-blown manic and depressive episodes.

Why other options are incorrect

Mania - The term 'mania' is used to describe an extremely elevated mood.

Dysthymia - Dysthymia is another name for Persistent Depressive disorder. It is characterised as a chronic form of depression but is relatively milder than major depression.

Melancholia - The term 'melancholia' is used to describe the condition of severe depression.

Answer 7 - Bipolar 2 but not bipolar 1

Difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2

Bipolar 1 - Individuals who are diagnosed with this type of disorder experience at least one full episode of mania and a milder form of a depressive episode.

Bipolar 2 - Individuals who are diagnosed with this type of disorder experience at least one major episode of depression and a milder form of a manic episode.

Why cyclothymia is an incorrect option.

Cyclothymia does not involve a major form of depression and mania. It is relatively milder than bipolar disorder.

Answer 8 - both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are important

The relation between classical conditioning and anxiety - Classical conditioning involves paired association. So, when an unconditional stimulus (which evokes an unconditional response in the form of anxiety) is paired with a neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus becomes conditioned through association and evokes the same response as that of the unconditional one. The unconditional response becomes a conditional response. Both elicit the same response (anxiety)

​Operant conditioning occurs through reinforcements and punishment. The purpose of operant conditioning is to either strengthen a particular behavior or diminish the chances of a particular behavior occurring.

Anxiety is an unpleasant stimulus. When we use avoidance mechanism to cope with anxiety, we are negatively reinforcing our behavior. Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

Why other options are incorrect

Observational learning does not dominate as anxiety is not learnt through observation. It is a trait which is inherent.

Answer 9 - SSRIs

SSRIs are the go-to form of antidepressants for the treatment of depression as it has fewer side effects than other antidepressants.

Why other options are incorrect

Antipsychotics are used to treat bipolar disorder.

MAOIs are used to treat anxiety disorders.

Tricyclic antidepressants are also used to treat depression but it is only used when other antidepressants fail to reduce the symptoms of depression. It also has a lot of side effects.