A) Given, that cardiac output at resting state is 6.3 L/min, i.e., 6300 mL/min and the resting heart hert rate is 70bpm. Cardiac output is usually calculated as a product of stroke volume and heart rate. Here, cardiac output and heart rate is given, hence, we can calculate the stroke volume as follows:
CO = SV x HR
6300 = SV x 70 ; SV = 6300/70 = 90mL
B) We have calculated stroke volume as 90 mL and ESV is given as 50 mL. Now, stroke volume can also be calculated as the difference of EDV and ESV. Hence, EDV can be calculated as follows:
SV = EDV - ESV ; 90 = EDV - 50
Therefore, EDV = 140mL.
C) It is given that during workout, the cardiac output changed to 13,500 mL/min and heart rate increased to 135 bpm, hence the new Stroke volume will be 13,500/135 = 100 mL. This new value of stroke volume is higher than the earlier value obtained for resting state.
Also, the EDV during exercise is given as 160mL, hence ESV will be calculated as:
SV = EDV - ESV ; 100 = 160 - ESV
ESV = 60 mL
Thus, Stroke volume during exercise will be 100 mL and ESV will be 60 mL.
D) Afterload is the pressure against which heart has to work to eject blood during ventricular contraction, i.e., systole. It is proportional to the mean arterial pressure. Hence, greater the afterload, greater the effort produced by heart to maintain the blood flow. Similarly, reducing the afterload can increase cardiac output. This is the reason that afterload is important to cardiac function.
Steve is a runner with a target heart rate of 135 bpm. His resting pulse is...
resting heart rate: 68 bpm Peak exercise heart rate: 177 bpm Resting blood pressure (S/DBP): 124/78 Peak exercise blood pressure (S/DBP): 185/84 FEV1= 4 liters Peak VE at end of test: 128 liters Completed stage 5 of modified Bruce treadmill test What is her resting and exercise stroke volume?
Luke Skywalker went to the hospital for annual heart check-up, The ECG investigation shows left ventricular hypertrophy. He has heart rate (HR) of 120 bpm. His ventricle has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 130 mL, and cardiac output (CO) is 3.6 L/min. What are Luke's stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and end-systolic volume. Show all you work!
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