Ans. Osmosis is the movement of water (solvent) from its (water’s) higher to lower concentration across plasma membrane.
A solution with higher solute concertation has lower water (solvent) concertation.
Or, a solution with higher water concertation has lower solute concertation.
Thus, during osmosis, water flows from a solution of lower solute concertation (has higher solvent concertation) to a solution of higher solute concertation (has lower solvent concertation).
Result of experiment: Increase in volume at left side by 10.0 cm indicates that water has flower from right to left (or, lower to higher solute concertation).
Thus, solute (higher concentration of solute) is located on left- to which water moves into.
#2. Density of water, (r) = 1.000 g/ cm3 = 1000 kg/ m3 ; [in SI unit]
g = 9.8 m/ s2 ; [SI unit]
h = 10 cm = 0.10 cm ; [SI unit]
Now, Pressure, p = (r)gh
= (1000 kg/ m3) (9.8 m s-2) (0.1 m)
= 98000 kg m-1 s-2
= 98000 Pa ; [1 Pa = 1 kg m-1 s-2]
= 0.96 atm ; [1 Pa = 9.869 x 10-6 atm]
Thus, osmotic pressure, P = 0.96 atm
#3. Osmotic pressure, P = i x MRT
i = van’t hoff factor = 1 for non-ionizing solutes
M = molarity of solution
R = gas constant = 0.0821 atm L mol-1K-1
T = temperature in kelvin
[The temperature is assumed to be 250C = 298 K. The solute is assumed to be non-ionizing]
Comparing #2 and #3,
P = 0.96 atm = i MRT
Or, 0.96 atm = 1 x M x (0.0821 atm L mol-1K-1) x 298 k
Or, 0.96 atm = M x 24.4658 atm L mol-1
Or, M = 0.96 atm / (24.4658 atm L mol-1) = 0.03923 mol/ L = 0.039 M
Thus, concertation of solute in left-side solution = 0.039 M
A diagram of a U tube for measuring osmotic pressure is shown below. The height different...
Membrane Separation II Reverse Osmosis (a) Derive van't Hoff's equation (osmotic pressure π-CRT). (b) A feed solution containing 5g NaCl/L (ρ-1001kg/m3) is purified using a reverse osmosis system. Water permeability constant (Aw) and a solute (NaCI) permeability constant (As) are 5 x 10 kg/m2s atm, and 4 x 10-7m/s, respectively. AP 30 atm. Assume that the fraction recovered of the solvent water is 0.15. The flow rate q2 of the permeate water solution is 50 L/min. Calculate ci and c2...