Question

The autonomic nervous system can change the rate of the heart by: (could have multiple correct answers)

a) beta1 adrenergic receptor activation. Increases in cAMP lead to increased amounts of Na+ influx (though If channels) and Ca2+ influx of the pacemaker cells. This increases the frequency of APs of the pacemaker, and increases the rate of contraction.

b) beta2 adrenergic receptor activation. Increases in cAMP lead to increased amounts of Na+ influx (though If channels) and Ca2+ influx of the pacemaker cells. This increases the frequency of APs of the pacemaker, and increases the rate of contraction.

c) muscarinic ACh receptors activation. Activation leads to reduced activity of Ca2+ channels, and increasing activation of K+ channels, hyperpolarizing cells and reducing the rate of contraction.

d) alpha1 adrenergic receptor activation.

Answer 1

Whici System inv n the gray ch a secon st neuron n, has an sue. ne sympa rain and nguish ti onomic: e CNS a -rigin of Beta i adrengic receptor bind with epinephrine hormone ; lead to activation of a protein that Provide CAMP which increase Nat influx and Cat in flux of SA node, this lead depolarization and increase vrate of contraction Ultimately increased heart rate. Option a correct. acic (ch oracol utgang e spini neur pos Chair Prei ere eta o aduenergie oreceptor does not increase vrate of contraction in heart as these are Primarely in Lungs Option 6 incorect. Ach muscarinic cueceptor activation occuei Parasymphatic lead to opening of kt Channel and creduced heart rate Correct o Alpha 1 adrengic creceptor activation can increase or decrease the heart dueelly or indiretly So correct. a, c, d correct,