Question

1) state which SINGLE question on The Alcohol Dependence Scale best captures the concept of "addiction."?

2) if there were only 1 question you could use to reliably distinguish between someone who is addicted and someone who is not, what would it be?

Can u answer question 1 and 2 based on the questions in the picture (pick one and explain why that specific question captures the concept of "addiction ? one paragraph for each of them. explain base on the origin of addiction

16. After drinking heavily, has your thinking been fuzzy or unclear? a. No b. Yes, but only for a few hours c. Yes, for one or two days d. Yes, for many days 17. As a result of drinking, have you felt your heart beating rapidly? a. No b. Once c. Several times 18. Do you almost constantly think of drinking and alcohol? a. No b. Yes 19. As a result of drinking, have you heard things that were not really there? a. No b. Once c. Several times 20. Have you had weird and frightening sensations when drinking? a. No b. Once or twice c. Often 21. As a result of drinking, have you felt things crawling on you that were not really there (e.g., bugs, spiders)? a. No b. Once c. Several times 22. With respect to blackouts (loss of memory)? a. Have never had a blackout b. Have had blackouts that last less than an hour c. Have had blackouts that last for several hours

Answer 1

Addiction can be comprehended as a physiological and psychological condition turning into a brain disease due to compulsive and excessive use of a substance, irrespective of their ill-effects which can cost people their lives. Addiction can be characterized by extreme focus on a certain substance for consumption. When substances are consumed excessively to the extent of causing harm to the human body, it is then called substance use disorder. Drinking alcohol can become an addiction. Psychological tools or techniques of measurement like The Alcohol Dependence Scale have been designed to understand the concept of addiction in an individual by the expression of his or her views on the condition related to alcoholism. In this scale, the question which best taps the concept of addiction is question number 18. The question relates to whether an individual constantly thinks about drinking and alcohol. If the answer is 'YES', it means that the individual compulsorily thinks about drinking and alcohol triggering the abuse of alcohol, being addicted to it. The main focus of the individual is drinking and alcohol. Therefore, the question 18 best captures the concept of "addiction", as the answer to it will help to understand that the individual exhibits compulsive tendency by constantly thinking about drinking and alcohol.

On the Alcohol Dependence Scale, the question which reliably distinguishes between someone who is addicted and someone who is not is question 21. The question relates to whether an individual feels something is crawling on him or her, when it is absent in reality. Situational or environmental factors or ill-health may induce rapid heart beat, fuzzy or unclear thinking at times, weird or frightening sensations and blackouts, even in normal individuals. But normal individuals do not have false sensations, that is, sensations in the absence of a stimulus. Individuals do not sense something crawling on their bodies, when they are absent. Also, it is important to note that auditory hallucinations, as an effect of alcoholism also exists as a symptom of schizophrenia or sleep paralysis, which are forms of psychological disorders. Normal individuals are not expected to experience auditory hallucinations. But sleep loss and deprivation in normal individuals may induce auditory hallucinations. Therefore, question 21 can reliably distinguish between someone who is addicted and someone who is not.