Please correct the values for
, the magnitude is correct but the sign should be negative because,
= - RTlnKsp. As R, T and lnKsp are positive
values so, value of
should have been negative.
Answer 1 a)
Spontaneity of a reaction depends on
, if this value is positive, reaction is non spontaneous. If it is
negative, reaction is spontaneous.
As value of
is negative at
all temperatures, the reaction is spontaneous at all
temperatures.
Answer 1 b)
Reaction for which is positive
is said to be endothermic. If it is negative, then the reaction is
exothermic.
As the calculated value of is positive,
the reaction is endothermic i.e. it requires
heat.
Answer 1 c)
Value of is positive
in all cases i.e. entropy increases with dissolution.
This is as per expectation because from the equation:
KNO3 (s) + H2O(excess) --------> K+ (aq.) + NO3- (aq.)
It is clear that the ions are free to move in aqueous medium
i.e. in disordered state but before dissolution, these ions were
restricted to lattice point i.e. ordered state. So, dissolution has
increased randomness or disorder, which would result in positive
value of .
can be
calculated as:
=
SK+ + SNO3- - SKNO3
Answer 2
For those compounds whose solubility decreases with increase in temperature,
value of
will decrease (becomes less negative) with increase in
temperature.
will be
negative i.e. reaction would be exothermic, it will release heat on
dissolution.
values would
have increased with increase in temperature just like
KNO3 because the ions will get kinetic energy
Answer 3 a)
Assumption made is that the solution becomes saturated with KNO3 at this temperature and the solid is in equilibrium with the solution.
Answer 3 b)
If the assumption was not true, equilibrium would not have been
achieved. So, Ksp value calculated would have been lesser than
actual value and hence
calculated would not have been lesser in magnitude in comparison
to actual.
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