Question

5. Complete the follow ing table describing both the molecular and physiological consequences of mutations or defects Complex or Sequence Consequences Universal or specificWhat would the RNA Describe in2 that gene? look like? Pribnow box the coding sequence 3 untranslated region terminator rho protein sigma subunit.

Answer 1

Molecular and physiological consequences of mutation or defect.

complex or sequence	consequences	universal or specific	RNA look like	Reason
pribnow box	This is the region in the promoter of the gene and recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of transcription. mutation in this sequence will haven consequences like increase in transcription( when promoter look exact to original sequence) decrease in transcription( one or two sequence mutation but RNA polymerase can bound) no transcription( RNA polymerase can not bound)	universal :- This gene present almost all gene promoter site.	RNA will be the same .	because sequence of coding region is not change only promoter site is mutated.
-35 region	it is a regulatory sequence mutation in this will be increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism	universal	same	because sequence of coding region is not change only promoter site is mutated.
5' untranslated region	regulatory region muatation can leads to increase or decrease in transcription depending upon the type of regulation where is act as silencer or enhance for the gene.	universal	same	not affect coding region
the coding sequence	sequence of transcript will change which can leads to truncated protein.	specific	change	RNA will be change as sequence change
3' untranslated region	regulatory region muatation can leads to increase or decrease in transcription depending upon the type of regulation where is act as silencer or enhance for the gene.	universal	same RNA sequence	not affect coding sequence
terminator	transcription will not terminate at its correct site. can leads to addition or deletion of sequence because terminator can terminate transcription as wrong site. which on translation can add or delete non specific amino acid. or truncated protein can form	terminator is universal for a gene. because they will act in relation to stop codon.	RNA sequence can change at 3' end of the sequence	As terminator site present at 3' end.
rho protein	termination of transcription will be affected as it is recognise the termination site and cleave at the correct sequence	It is universal for a gene. because they will act in relation to stop codon.	RNA sequence can change at 3' end of the sequence	As STOP codon site present at 3' end of the gene.
sigma subunit	It is require for intiation of RNA transcription. RNA polymerase will not binds to promoter at correct site. There may be transcription will not start or the transcription will be occurs with respect to non specific promoter. which may leads to increase or decrease in transcription which can be lethal for cell eg. if the cell need a protein in less amount and dur to sigma factor thier is increase in transcription or no transcription. then the cell will be having damage over there.	specific for each gene. but some gene may have same sigma subunit.	can change the frame of RNA sequence.	.sequence as the RNA polymerase can not bind correct site.
beta subunit	Truncated protein forms. or termination of transcrition because beta subunit have  active center responsible for RNA synthesis.	universal	change in RNA sequence.	mutated protein will not have catalytic center so there RNA transcription not occur or the wrong nucleotides will be added.