Question 1 and 2 already solved. I need help on Question 3 and 4.
Should prepaid assets make difference in ROA calculation? (8 points)
Some costs are post paid, therefore, it creates liabilities. For example, salary is post-paid, meaning that the employees will get paid after they provide services. In class, we find that operating liabilities such as salary payable should be excluded in the denominator for ROA to be consistent with the idea.
Some costs are pre-paid. Rent (if paid in advance) and insurance come as a good example. Inventory is also pre-paid. Keep in mind, though, ‘pre-paid’ doesn’t always means that the company has to pay upfront. It is pre-paid because company has to pay upfront or acquire first in exchange for liabilities.
For example, let’s say we have an insurance contract, which is pre-paid in nature; annual contract for $2,400. Normally, we can pay $2,400 upfront.
In the examples below, company A paid $2,400 in advance. Company B thinks the pre-paid nature is unfair, so it was able to negotiate a deal with insurance company, so that it can post-pay after each month. Thus Company B acquires same insurance, but its insurance pay schedule is following.
Table 1. Background information and Balance Sheet of company A and B.
Company A |
Company B |
|
# workers |
8 |
8 |
Daily salary / employee |
$100 |
100 |
Daily Sales revenue (all cash) |
$1,100 |
$1,100 |
Beginning, 5/1/2016 |
Company A |
Company B |
Assets (all cash) |
||
Cash |
$50,000 |
$50,000 |
Equipment |
60,000 |
60,000 |
Less : Accumulated depreciation |
(15,000) |
(15,000) |
Total Assets |
95,000 |
95,000 |
Liability |
0 |
0 |
Note payable |
60,000 |
60,000 |
Equity (common stock) |
35,000 |
35,000 |
Insurance policy (all purchased insurance on 5/1, coverage starts from 5/1/2016 to 4/30/2017) |
Purchase insurance 1 year ($2,400) in advance, paid cash on 5/1/2016 |
Annual contract started on 5/1 Structured a deal that insurance is post paid |
Additional Info
Q1. (1 point) Provide journal entries for company A and B related to insurance, if any. Remember, only post paid account has designated payable account (Interest is post paid -> Interest payable. If account is prepaid, we charge to accounts payable.)
Company A
Debit: Prepaid expense insurance $2400. Credit: cash $2400
Debit: Insurance Expense : $200. Credit: Prepaid Insurance : $200
Company B
Credit: Insurance Expense: $200. Debit: Insurance Payable: $200
Credit: Insurance Payable: $200. Debit: Cash: $200
Q2. (1 point) Complete the Balance Sheets right after the insurance purchase for company A and B. Explain the changed numbers (between before and after purchase of insurance)
As of 5/1/2016 (after insurance is purchased) |
Company A |
Company B |
Assets |
||
Cash |
47,600 |
50,000 |
Equipment |
60,000 |
60,000 |
Less: Accumulated Depreciation |
(15,000) |
(15,000) |
Prepaid Insurance |
$2400 |
0 |
Total Assets |
$95,000 |
$95,000 |
Liabilities |
||
Note payable |
60,000 |
60,000 |
Total Liabilities |
60,000 |
60,000 |
Equities (common stock) |
35,000 |
35,000 |
Total Liabilities & Equities |
95,000 |
95,000 |
* Fill it using the answer to Q1.
For Company A, on 5/1/2016 the cash account will decrease by $2400 for the amount paid for purchase of insurance and prepaid insurance will increase by the same amount. However, for Company B, there will be no change on 5/1/2016 since the insurance payable will be recorded on 5/31/2016 and same will be paid only in June.
Q3. (1 point) Complete the income statements for May 2016 for company A and B. Comment on net income in A and B, e.g., if they are same (or different), why? Commenting is an essential part of this question. Without comments, even the correct answer gets zero point.
Income statement for May 2016 |
Company A |
Company B |
Sales Revenue |
||
Less: Salary Expense |
||
Interest Expense |
||
Depreciation Expense |
||
Insurance Expense |
||
Pretax Income |
||
Less: Tax expense |
||
Net income |
Q4. (1 point) Complete balance sheet as of May 31, 2016 for company A and B. Explain the changed numbers (between Q4’s balance sheets and Q5’s)
As of 5/31/2016 |
Company A |
Company B |
Assets (all cash) |
||
Cash |
||
Equipment |
||
Less: Accumulated Depreciation |
||
Equipment, net of Acc. Depr |
||
Prepaid Insurance |
||
Total Assets |
||
Liabilities |
||
Interest payable |
||
Insurance payable |
0 |
|
Note payable |
||
Total Liabilities |
||
Equities |
||
Common Stock |
||
Retained Earnings |
||
Total Equities |
||
Total Liabilities & Equities |
* Fill using the answer to Q1.
Question 1 and 2 already solved. I need help on Question 3 and 4. Should prepaid...
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