Question

Scenario 2: Your 6-year-old cousin Jasmine wants you to teach her how to dive head first into the pool. She loves to play in the pool and is a typical swimmer for her age. She can swim the crawl stroke, but it is not pretty; she kicks hard, keeps her elbows bent most of the time, rarely puts her face in the water, and goes about 10 feet before stopping. When she enters the water from the side, she typically jumps feet first or does a belly flop of sorts. She is scared to go into the deep end, but diving is allowed only in the deep end. How will you help her?

DIRECTIONS WRITE FOR EACH SECTION:

Section 1: The Environment
Identify the environment – Open or Closed as well as, recreational/competitive/clinical/home, and arousal implications.Evaluate the effects of these on the learning situation

Section 2: The Task
Identify task type – discrete/serial/continuous, motor/cognitive
Identify the role of various factors of movement preparation - including stimulus identification, response selection, movement programming (referring to the concept map)
Identify the role of the nervous system - including short-term sensory store, short-term memory, long-term memoryApply a major theory of motor control – (referring to the concept map)
If Closed include – concentrate on the of comparison of feed-forward and visual, proprioceptive feedback to detect error and maintain, refine, or correct
If Open include – concentrate on the generalized motor program and parameterization

Section 3: The Learner
Identify (or estimate if not given) learner characteristics – age, experience, motivation, abilities, attention, initial stage of learning classification and reasons
Evaluate the effects of these on the learning situation

Section 4: Practice Preparation
Design and defend a pre-practice encounter - including open communication, clarifying expectations, managing arousal, attention focus, demonstration, and modeling.
Set and defend goals – stage of learning, outcome, performance (stepped to final), and process (stepped to final)

Section 5: Practice Structure
Create and defend a practice structure – including the defense of choices concerning massed/distributed, constant/variable, blocked/random.
Indicate changes in structure over time

Section 6: Practice Presentation
Develop and defend practice activities to be used - including two of: simulator, whole-part-whole, slow-motion, error detection, mental practice.

Section 7: Feedback
Identify the sources of common movement errors
Construct a framework for giving feedback - including knowledge of performance, knowledge of results, error/corrective, frequency, and scheduling

Answer 1

Ans) Review of environmental psychology looks to the past, present, and future of this growing and important area of psychology. The environment, far from being a silent witness to human actions, is an integral part of the plot. The interdisciplinary origins and applied emphasis of environmental psychology have both conspired to prevent a straightforward and uncontentious definition of the discipline. Recent definitions adopt an inclusive, holistic, and transactional perspective on people-environment relations. Various theories have been developed in environmental psychology: arousal theory, environmental load, adaptation level theory within a behaviorist and determinist paradigm; control, stress adaptation, behavioral elasticity, cognitive mapping, and environmental evaluation within an interactionist paradigm; and behavior settings, affordance theory, and theories of place, place identity, and place attachment within transactionalism. Environmental psychology deals with people's homes, the workplaces and leisure settings, the visual impact of buildings, the negative effects of cities, the restorative role of nature, and environmental attitudes and sustainable behavior. The issues at the forefront of the political and environmental agenda at the beginning of the twenty-first century—human rights, well-being and quality of life, globalization, and sustainability—need to be addressed and tackled by environmental psychologists in a way that incorporates both cross-cultural and temporal dimensions.