Question

For each of the following research questions, you will read an independent and dependent samples study to test that research question. Identify which study used indpendent and which used dependent samples.

1. How does winning influence self-efficacy (or belief in one's ability) among high school sports athletes?

Study 1: Researchers hypothesized that the more wins a team has, the more teammates will believe in their own abilities (self-efficacy). To test

this , they selected a group of sports athletes from teams with few wins during the previous season and a second group of sports athletes from teams with man wins

during the previous season. They tested whether self-efficacy significantly differed between groups.

Study 2. Researchers hypothesized that the more wins a team has, the more teammates will believe in their own abilities (self-efficacy). To test this, they measured self-efficacy among

athletes during a winning season and again during a losing season the following year. They tested whether the difference in self-efficacy between winning and losing seasons

was significantly different.

Answer 1

Study 1:

This study used independent samples.

EXPLANATION:

Here the researchers selected two independent samples:

Sample 1: Group of sports athlets from teams with few wins during the previous season.

Sample 2: Group of sports athlets from teams with man wins during the previous season.

Study 2:

This study used dependent samples.

EXPLANATION:

Here the reseachers selected the same sample two times as given below:

They measured self-efficacy among athlets during a winning season

They measured self efficiency among the same athlets during a losing season.