Question

please answer question number 9

6) Prions and viroid are not living things. Define each of them and explain why they are dangerous ion is atype of protein that con trigger namal prokuns in a biain to fald abnana lly. Thy are infechous patgenshat cause a g0p 0e Patal nerodugenerahwe diseases. Viroid is similar to a vins. Plom pthaens +hat Cansist af just ashat sechan of eNA wHthnt proten cart, Thy inkct flants 1ke pota tor s causing loss of miltins of dollarsachyear 7) Explain the difference between transduction and conjugation in transferring genetic materials (nucleic acid). For conjugation, make sure you F+ and F piFEnanc ahon Null to for tha Cell to uu contact gnehtotharsfer of gmrie aus mth Fdu ae allud danor ar mae d dusighatd as Ft. Cels ladiry Ffactor is a reapient o fena le ard s dusigatd as F Duning conjugahon, the dorar usplicak Feasmid and one (opy Is tranferd ints reCipient all thiah pilli whie.ofar femains ins ide the doo all, Theveciprent bronas trandechion Does Not inwglue wares baclean ghege do oy ells dre we any oMan a s veman F because it tanjains Fpiasmid now aline. Yeuipiont renva ins anthave 8) Gram stain has been used to classify bacteria into Gram+ and Gram--. Compare these 2 types di ferences 1: Gamfoshe haus hitk lar f pepg ipopolys achande is pusent. oter membone is absent. of bacteria by providing at least 4 similarities and 4 differences. Similanne s Te genehic maienal of bth typeS is BNA layer 2.Gram bath are bacteria Calls Both groups aue Pro tanotic Both lack mumbianc bandad 3.Gram vam positie argaralles . Inbitan by bastc dye and ble saHs is 9) Describe and explain the three stages of life cycle of fungi including the mechanism of spore production. You must include the key terms in your answer. PaSmaoa my, karyaamy meos15

Answer 1

ANS. 9. The three stages of the life cycle of fungi are -

in sexually reproducing fungi, the haploid phase alternates with the diploid phase. the diploid phase starts with the zygote formation and the haploid phase ends with nuclear fission. meiosis restores the ploidy level of the haploid phase. in some higher fungi, there is a third intermediate stage between haploid and diploid and is called plasmogamy. plasmogamy is the fusion of two hyphae but not the haploid cell and that results into the dikaryotic hyphae containing two haploid nuclei, and the two nucleus fuse to form the zygote.

asexual spores in the fungi are produced only through mitosis.