Question

how do the alkyl halides differ in physical properties from the other functional classes of compounds in this experiment?(alkene,alkyne, diene)

Answer 1

Generally alkyl halides are physically different than the other organic hydrocarbons like alkene, alkyne and dienes. Alkyl halides are generally dippolar in nature due to presence of electronegative halogen atoms and that is absent in organic hydrocarbons. So alkyl halides have greater dipole moment than other hydrocarbons.The Van der Waals force of attraction (dipole-dipole interaction) increases with increasing the dipole moment and also with decreasing the branching but always having greater b.p/m.p than the alkanes or alkenes with same no of carbons. Due to dipolar nature often small alkyl halides are soluble in water like CH₃F , CH₃-CH₂-F, whereas Et-Br, Et-I, Et-Cl are slightly soluble and long chain iodides are often insoluble but almost all the hydrcarbons are insoluble due to nonpolar nature , they generally soluble in non-polar solvent.