Question

1. For each of the following, explain the term in sufficient detail, such that a reader would understand its meaning or role with regards to networking.
a) Client
b) Server
c) Latency
d) Datagram
e) Encapsulation
f) Store and Forward
g) Protocol
h) Segmentation

Answer 1

A) A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. The server is often (but not always) on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.

B) A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet. Many types of servers exist, including web servers, mail servers, and file servers. Each type runs software specific to the purpose of the server.

C) Latency is a time interval between the stimulation and response, or, from a more general point of view, a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed. Latency is physically a consequence of the limited velocity with which any physical interaction can propagate.

D) A datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network. ... Datagrams provide a connectionless communication service across a packet-switched network. The delivery, arrival time, and order of arrival of datagrams need not be guaranteed by the network.

E) In computer networking, encapsulation is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically separate functions in the network are abstracted from their underlying structures by inclusion or information hiding within higher level objects.

F) Store and forward is a data communication technique in which a message transmitted from a source node is stored at an intermediary device before being forwarded to the destination node.

G) A network protocol includes all the rules and conventions for communication between network devices, including ways devices can identify and make connections with each other. There are also formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into sent and received messages.

H) Network segmentation in computer networking is the act or practice of splitting a computer network into subnetworks, each being a network segment. Advantages of such splitting are primarily for boosting performance and improving security.

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