Question

Preview File Edit View Go Tools Window Help Ch01 homework.pdf (page 12 of 12)- Edited 21. Describe the central dogma of biochemistry. What are the three main processes?

Answer 1

The central dogma of biochemistry is based on describing how the genetic material (DNA) in the cell of living human body is processed through the three main processes of replication, transcription and translation.The DNA is the basic genetic material that must be duplicated and passed onto the new daughter cells, when a cell(parent cell) divides to form new daughter cell with the similar genetic characteristics.

The three main processes are carried out in the sequence :1) Replication of the DNA ,when the double-helix of the DNA splits and the DNA polymerase copies both the strands forming two identical yet separate single strands of DNA.

2) The process of transcription follows ,next, when RNA polymerase reads each of the replicated DNA strands and pairs each nucleotide in the strand with its RNA base pair to develop a single m-RNA (messenger RNA) This resulting single-stranded m-RNA has the reverse complementary base sequence of the original DNA.Then this m-RNA is spliced to leave segments that can be coded for protein synthesis

The spliced m-RNA travels down to the cytocol from the nucleus to meet the ribosomes -the site for protein synthesis (translation).The t-RNA(transfer RNA) then translates the m-RNA into specific protein fragments.which are carried away by t-RNA to their respective sites of cellular function.

(The m-RNA has the information about specific amino acids in the form of three base pair or codon along its stretch.The t-RNA has the anti-codon or the reverse base sequence for the codons with which it interacts on the m-RNA strand.Each t-RNA has one amino acid ,which interacts with other amino acids on t-RNAs as they fits into their respective codons in the m-RNA.Thus, the adjacent t-RNAs combine their amino acids and form peptide chains.)