Question

1. Beer is produced from wheat and/or barley. Explain why the grains are allowed to sprout, a process in which their starch is broken down to glucose before fermentation (breakdown of sugar to ethanol) begins. 2. Some bread bakers add amylase (reaction shown below) to bread dough prior to the fermentation process. What role does this enzyme play in making bread? B-Amylase OH OH OH OH OH -2,8 OH Qyo O 0400 Poly-a-D-glucose Maltose 3. The disaccharide trehalose is one of the major sugars in the insect hemolymph (the fluid that circulates through the insect's body). In the hemolymph, trehalose serves as a storage form of glucose and also helps protect the insect from desiccation and freezing. Its concentration in the hemolymph must be closely regulated. Trehalose is synthesized in the insect fat body, which plays a role in metabolism analogous to the vertebrate liver. Recent studies have shown that during starvation, hemolymph glucose concentration decreases, which results in an increase in fat body glycogen phosphorylase activity. What effect does this change have on hemolymph trehalose concentration in the fasted insect? Fat body Hemolymph Glycopen - Glucose Glucose Glycol Trehalose + Trehalose 4. Individuals with fructose intolerance lack fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, a liver enzyme essential for catabolizing fructose. In the absence of fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, fructose-1-phosphate accumulates in the liver and inhibits glycogen phosphorylase. Explain why individuals with fructose intolerance exhibit hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Answer 1

ANS -1 Grain are ez Grain are allowed do Sbrouted or partially germinated because in seed there is descrive food sowice known as endosperm, Partially germinati -on lead to more availability of Sta 08 Sugar to the brewer. During germination enzyme present in Aleurone ayer that is amylase are released and lead to breakdown of endosperm, endosperm contain Starch glaules, that is endosperem converted into maltose, more maltose availabilety for beer formation. Rðoduction of been increase through this.