Question

1. Discuss about the environmental aspects of non-renewable 2 Marks energy sources. 2. Compare biomass energy source with hydroelectric energy 2 Marks source. (any four points) 3. Name of any two renewable energy sources, which cannot be 2 Marks stored. Justify the same. 4. Briefly discuss the historical events of solar energy source and 2 Marks biomass energy source. 2 Marks 3. Can electrical power generation system totally depend on renewable energy source only (without non-renewable energy source) ? Justify your views.

Answer 1

① The non-renewable resources are natural resources that cannot be easily and quickly replaced as compared to keep up with consumptions like fossil fuels. Environmental aspect of non-renewable resources have been explained below: Compact Mining, and Destruction of natural) habbits, destructed] entration of lands, waste non-reneubble generation and (resources dumping, oil spills and blowout. Transportions) ( processing, de contamination,) fabrication (Noise, pollution (Air) water, land, soid) (health hazards, - heat and a radioactivity, waste use and (consumption of resources. 1 Air pollutions, water pollutions) (noise and soil pollution, greenhowe effect, Hostes, {heat, radioactive, Safety and health hazards} .

The above step explains impact of non-renewable resources on the environment. Some important aspects are explained below: (a) Defforestation - Destruction of forests and natural hobbitat of animals and birds. (b) Green house abfect - Increase in greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, Nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere, which is increasing the temperature of our atmosphere. As a result of which glaciers are melting submerging landmasses and posing threat to extinct for flora and fauna (C) Pollution - Air, water, and Lond is getting polluted day by day leading to environmental degradation. (d) Acid rain - Due to air pollution oxides of nitrogen and sulfhur onine with rain cousing acid rain which is destroying buildings, monuments and plants. (e) Waste generations and dumping (4) Oil spills and accidents.

2 Biomass energy source rs. hydroelectric energy source : '(Comparision) Biomass I Hydroelectric → Low Initial cost → High initial cost Requires love I Requires high cost enpanse to set up I (like dom Construction) a plant. I to set up. → Location - widely → Requires weater available and a at height and independent of Construction of dom Location, it Combe ! is required. It is near a town, inside done away from a a bobuleted area. populated area → Power/ Revenue → Power/ revenue generation - It is generation is more usually low as as compared to the former, can generate compared to hydro- electric plants and I power in Megawatts tomeet the peak Cannot meet peak demands. demands. → fuel Organic → Only running matends like gorbye, water is wood, manure are required. constantly required

(③) Renewable energy which cannot be stored:- - solar energy - wind energy - Geothermal energy - Tidly wares energy 6 Historical events of solar energy It all started with humans figuring out to make fire by concentrating the sunlight in 700 BC. 92214- 212 BC, it was believed that Archimedes used mirrors concentrating the solar energy to destroy enemy ships. In 1767, the first solor oren was inverted by swiss physicist, Horace de Saussure. It used sunlight to heat meals or drinks. 1839 - Discovery of Photovoltaic effect by Edmund Becquerel, who developed voltage by enposing material to sun. 1873 - Willoughby Smith discovered photo conductivity in solid seleniums and thereafter first Photovoltaic cell was

designed by Charles fritt, which was later proved and conducted by Albert Einstein in 1905.. Einstein described how elechons are emitted and energy is produced by photo electric effect. 1. In 1954, Bell Labs created first photovoltaic cell (solar cell), which is now improved by use of semi- Conductors. Till today, reseach is being done to improve solar cells and improve its efficiency Historical events of Biomass energy Source : 1. Started with using regetable oil and fats liting up streets in Europe and America in 1700. In 1826, Samuel Morey invented first spork- ignition piston engine by using alcohol. Then, . Ni Kolous Otto develops Otto- cycle in 1860 which ran on Ethanol. In Jan, 1900, Germany sets up world's first large-scale biofuels

industry which hore 72000 distilleries producing 27 million gallons till 1906- And in early 20th century, biofuels became primery source of energy for homes and factories. 1. In 1912, Rudolph Diesel finds that peanut, Castor and palm oids can compete with heory fuel from betroleum and which lead to more and more machineries as well as cors runing on biofuel. Then in 1927, Brazil, Phillippines started processing Sugarcane tomoke alcohols biofuels. It got boost 1973, gosoline crisis and golden age of Ethonal started in 80's. I Now, biofuel production has rised to billions of gallons and has become a green source of energy.