What is the difference between transgressions and regressions? Can you label them on stratigraphic sections?
What are index fossils? How are they used to understand the ages of rocks? What makes a fossil a good index fossil?
What is a microfossil? What characteristics make microfossils good index fossils?
How are organisms classified? What are the three domains of life?
What is a prokaryote? A eukaryote?
Be familiar with the organisms and the following groups and the composition of their hard parts: Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida.
How do geologists describe and identify sedimentary rocks? Some characteristics to consider are: grain size, composition and texture for clast
1) When sea level rises and comes towards the landward side it is called as transgression. Here we find the fining upward sequence. So in stratigraphic sequence the lithology is like sandstone, shale and limestone. The sequence is fining upward.
When sea level falls and comes towards the offshore or sea ward region it is called as regression. Here we find the coarsening upward sequence. The lithology is like limestone, shale and sandstone.
2) Index fossil is very good for a stratigraphic sequence because it gives information about a particular geological time scale. That's why it is very important. For a good index fossil the fossil should have a small vertical distribution and wide geographical distribution.
Example of some index fossils are trilobite, Conodont etc.
3)The fossils which cannot be identified in naked eye is called as microfossil. They can be plants or animals. Animal microfossils are like foraminifera, Conodont, radiolaria etc. Whereas plant microfossils are diatom, dinoflagellate etc.
The good thing in microfossils is that they found in a great numbers from a particular region. That's why with them we can do both qualitative and quantitative study. This is the beauty of microfossils. Because of their great abundance in a particular region which supports the idea to be strong.
Also larger foraminifera and planktic foraminifera has a very particular age range. So these fossils are also taken as index fossil.
4) Prokaryote cells are most primitive type cell and they don't have true nucleus within it.
Eukaryotic cells are advanced cells and have true nucleus. They can be single celled or multi celled.
6) Sedimentary rocks show a peculiar character which is the bedding. This bedding feature we can't find in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
According to the grain size sedimentary rocks have been classified as rudaceous (having large grain size), arenaceous (having grain size like sand grain), argillaceous (silt and clay size).
Based on the cement and matrix they also can be divided.
What is the difference between transgressions and regressions? Can you label them on stratigraphic sections? What...
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