Question

18. What does the layered structure of large hailstones result from? _a. a looping trajectory, due to encountering successive updrafts _b. varying rates of accretion of supercooled liquid droplets _c. electrification by successive lightning strikes near where the hailstone is growing _d. accumulation of varying amounts of pollutants 19. Which of the following occurs during a lightning strike? _a. ionization of air molecules _b. rapid heating of the air _c. rapid expansion of the air _d. (all of the above) 20. Most thunderstorms do not extend very far into the stratosphere because the air in the stratosphere is _a. too cold. _c. too polluted. b. too dry. _d. stable. 21. A lightning strike can occur a. within a cloud. _b. between a cloud and the ground. _c. between a cloud and an adjacent cloud. _d. (all of the above)

Answer 1

6. 6 varying rates of accretion of supercoole liquool droplets → Hailstones form in onion- like layers of opaque and clear ice a clear layers form when Colloding water droplets freeze slowly in cloud layers that are slightly below freezing allowing air bubbles to escape. Large, hailstones can fall at a maximum - speed of 170 km/h (105 mph) 6. @ all of the above → The sudden increase in press wee and temperature from lightning produces rapid expansion of the air and heating of air within and surrounding the path of a lightning strike. Lighter, positively charged particles form at the top of the cloud. Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud when the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant & poock- lightning - occurs between the two charges within the cloud.

© 20. stable Most thunderstorms do not extend very for into the stratosphere because the air in the stratosphere is - stable when the environmental lapse rate decreases more rapidly with height than dry adiabatic rate, - the atmosphere is absolutely unstable. 6. @. all of the above - Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Most lightning occurs within the clouds." Sheet lightning" describes a distant bolt that lights up an entire cloud base