Question

Chapter 18 drugs on chemistry for changing times

What is the difference between an antihistamine,an antitussive, and an expectorant?

Classify the following drugs as natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic: codeine,fluoroquinolone,quinine,vinblastine, Taxol,6-mercaptopurine.

Which of the following was originally marketed as a cough suppressant?

a.acetaminophen

b.aspirin

c.heroin

d.methadone

Which of the following compounds is most similar in structure to a DNA base?

a.aspirin

b.ibuprofen

c.caffeine

d.morphine

Which of the following is not considered to be an NSAID?

a.acetaminophen

b.aspirin

c.ibuprofen

d.naproxen

Quinolone antibiotics are

a.antimetabolities

b.broad-spectrum

c.beta-lactams

d.very specific narrow-spectrum

All of the following are antimetabolities except

a.6-mercaptipurine

b.cyclophosphamide

c.5-fluorouracil

d.methotrexate

How does cisplatin work?

Which of the following is not a steroid?

a.estradiol

b.enkephalin

c.progesterin

d.testoterone

Diuretics work to lower blood pressure by

a. Causing the kidneys to excrete more water and thus lower the blood volume.

b.showing the heart rate.

c.acting as vasodilators,causing the muscles around blood vessels to relax.

d.inhibiting an enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract.

Calcium channel blockers work to lower blood pressure by

a.causing the kidneys to excrete more water and thus lower the blood volume.

b.slowing the heart rate

c.acting as vasodilators,causing the muscles around blood vessels to relax.

d. Inhibiting an enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract.

Which of the following small molecules acts as a messengers molecule that allows the dilation of blood vessels thereby relieving chest pain and alleviating the symptoms of erectile dysfunction?

a.carbon dioxide,CO2

b.ammonia,NH3

c.nitric oxide,NO

d.sulfur dioxide,SO2

Which of the following is often treated with organic nitro compounds?

a.angina pectorals

b.erectile dysfunction

c.heart arrhythmias

d.hypertension

Which of the following is not considered to be a class of psychotropic drugs?

a.antimetabbolite

b.depressant

c.hallucinogenic

d.stimulant

Beta blockers work by

a.decreasing the stimulant action of serotonin.

b.limiting the action of a drug so that only one enantiomer is active.

c.acting as an anesthetic

d.decreasing the stimulant action of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following has been used as a local anesthetic?

a.ketamine

b.lidocaine

c.nitrous oxide

d.thiopental

A compound that causes lack of feeling or awareness is an

a.anesthetic

b.antidepressant

c.placebo

d.stimulant

Which of the following plant alkaloids has not been used as a stimulant?

a.caffeine

b.cocaine

c.coiine

d.nicotine

Answer 1

1. antihistamine is a drug that inhibits the action of histamine by inhibiting histamine receptors. histamine usually causes allergic reactions.

antitussive is a drug used to relieve from cough by reducing the activity of cough center in brain.

expectorant is a drug used to relieve from cough by increasing bronchial secretion and secreting sputum or mucus by air passages of lungs.

(If cough is due to any allergic reaction, antihistamines are prescribed)

2. codeine is a natural opiate drug. fluuoroquinolones are synthetic antibiotics. quinine- natural

vinblastine- earlier natural. but natural extraction is expensive. so now a days synthesized.

taxol 6- mercaptopurine- naturally available, but the drug is synthesized.

3. cough supressant- heroin

4. caffeine is related to adenine and guanine.

5. acetaminophen - not NSAID

6. quinolone antibiotics are broad spectrum antibiotics.

7. cyclophosphamide- not an antimetanolite

8. cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent that interferes in DNA replication and kills the rapidly proliferating cells that are often carcinogenic.

9. enkephalins- not steroid

10. diuretics acting as vasodilators,causing the muscles around blood vessels to relax.

11. Calcium channel blockers work to lower blood pressure by acting as vasodilators,causing the muscles around blood vessels to relax.