Question

2.a. Explain Ethics in research

2.b. Using practical examples, describe the ethical principles you will observe conducting research that involves children at the early childhood level of education

DBE431 RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION LEVEL: 300 INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one (1) and any other two questions 1. Illustrate how you will critically evaluate the quality of a research article? (40 marks) 2. a. Explain Ethics in research. (5 marks) b. Using practical examples, describe the ethical principles you will observe when conducting research that involves children at the early childhood level of education. (25 marks) 3. Reviewing literature is an essential part of the research process. Using practical example, illustrate the steps in developing literature review. (30 marks) 4. a. Use practical examples to distinguish between a cross-sectional survey and a longitudinal survey. (15 marks) b. Use practical examples to distinguish between an experimental research and quasi- experimental research. (15 marks)

4.a. Use practical example to distinguish a cross sectional survey and a longitudinal survey.

4.

DBE431 RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION LEVEL: 300 INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one (1) and any other two questions 1. Illustrate how you will critically evaluate the quality of a research article? (40 marks) 2. a. Explain Ethics in research. (5 marks) b. Using practical examples, describe the ethical principles you will observe when conducting research that involves children at the early childhood level of education. (25 marks) 3. Reviewing literature is an essential part of the research process. Using practical example, illustrate the steps in developing literature review. (30 marks) 4. a. Use practical examples to distinguish between a cross-sectional survey and a longitudinal survey. (15 marks) b. Use practical examples to distinguish between an experimental research and quasi- experimental research. (15 marks)

b. Use practical example to distinguish between an experimental research and a quasi-experimental research

DBE431 RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION LEVEL: 300 INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one (1) and any other two questions 1. Illustrate how you will critically evaluate the quality of a research article? (40 marks) 2. a. Explain Ethics in research. (5 marks) b. Using practical examples, describe the ethical principles you will observe when conducting research that involves children at the early childhood level of education. (25 marks) 3. Reviewing literature is an essential part of the research process. Using practical example, illustrate the steps in developing literature review. (30 marks) 4. a. Use practical examples to distinguish between a cross-sectional survey and a longitudinal survey. (15 marks) b. Use practical examples to distinguish between an experimental research and quasi- experimental research. (15 marks)

Answer 1

2. a) Ethics in research helps in providing definite guidelines about the responsible conducting of the research. It monitors and educates the researcher about the importance of carrying out a research study for ensuring high ethical standards. Some fundamental ethical principles included in a research are honesty, integrity, objectivity, carefulness, openness, confidentiality, responsible mentoring, publication, respect towards intellectual property, social responsibility, respect for colleagues, competence, legality, non-discrimination and prediction of human subjects. It helps the reader to know that the research has been conducted without undertaking any illegal approaches.

2. b) Conducting a research with children as participants must ensure their safety and wellbeing by emphasizing on both mental and physical health. Besides, the researcher must provide the required support and undertake appropriate actions so that the children feel safe, respected and participate without any hesitation. For example, a research study about the academic pressure of children during their teenage must be conducted in a way that would not cause any harm to their mental wellbeing.

4. a) Cross sectional research can be referred to as an observational method of study where data is collected from the entire population at a pre specified time for evaluating the relationships existing between the variables under study. On the other hand, longitudinal research also refers to an observational study where data is collected repeatedly over a certain extended period of time for analyzing the relationships between variables. Thus, the main difference between these two methods is that while cross sectional study undertakes fresh samples every time for carrying out the research, longitudinal study follow the same sample respondents over the time. An example of cross sectional including large number of repeat questions can be British Social Attitudes Survey, while longitudinal study would be the British Birth Cohort Studies.

4. b) In actual experiments, important factors taken into consideration for the research affect the phenomenon of interest and can be controlled. Here, sample participants are randomly assigned to these treatment or control factors. On the other hand, in quasi-experiments, the control and treatment groups differ in terms of experimental treatment in various ways. These differences need to be controlled statistically; however this control is lesser than that of experimental researches. An example of experimental study would include evaluating the effect of smoking on lung capacity of individuals, while that of a quasi-experimental study would be analyzing the effect of an educational program on the pre and post intervention antibiotic prescribing practices.

If you liked the answer please give an up-vote, this will be quite encouraging for me, thank you!!