NEED HELP ASAP!
I need to use this graph to answer the questions below. Need ASAP
1. Some snake venoms (produced by cobras and their relatives) block the low voltage-gated, T-type Ca2+ channels on pacemaker cells. On the appropriate axes above, draw a new trace of membrane potential over time, showing how this venom will change membrane potential and action potential frequency. Explain the channel mechanics that underlie your answer.
2. Imagine that a grizzly bear begins chasing you. You respond by secreting norepinephrine (NE), a hormone that binds to pacemaker cells and increases the conductance/permeability of their low voltage-gated (leaky) Na+ channels and T-type Ca2+ channels. On the appropriate axes above, draw (with a dashed line) another trace showing how NE will alter membrane potential and AP frequency over time. Explain the channel mechanics underlying your answer.
3. NE affects L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on contractile cardiomyocytes in a similar manner, by increasing their permeability to Ca2+ ions when they are stimulated. Given this, explain how and why the strength of ventricular contraction will change will change in response to NE.
Homework Answers
Question 1-
In the graph, the red line is showing venom effect in the pacemaker cells. This is showing a reduction in length of generating action potential gradually. After some time a prolonged length will observe for exciting the action potential, finally the end up with no action potential.
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NEED HELP ASAP!
I need to use this graph to answer the questions below. Need
ASAP...
Please answer all parts. Thanks in advance 19) Which statement(s) is(are) NOT true regarding cardiac muscle?...
Please answer all parts. Thanks in advance
19) Which statement(s) is(are) NOT true regarding cardiac muscle? Choose ALL that apply. (2.5 pts) a) Autorhythmic cells do not contribute significantly to the force of heart contraction because they do not contain many myofibrils. b) Cardiac muscle consists of autorhythmic fibers and contractile fibers. c) Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle since t contains thick and thin filaments, d) Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in that the muscle fibers...
8. Use this trace of actio (6) n potentials produced by a cardiomyocyte to answer the...
8. Use this trace of actio (6) n potentials produced by a cardiomyocyte to answer the following questions. 90 L a. Is this a trace from a contractile cell or a pacemaker cell? Circle one. b. The type of channel responsible for causing the plateau phase of this cell is c. Imagine that a toxin caused L-type Ca channels to remain open half as long as usual. On the axes above, draw another trace of action potentials, showing the changes...
could you please explain how you did each one 5. Draw a graph showing what would...
could you please explain how you did each one
5. Draw a graph showing what would happen to resting membrane potential over time, if the sodium/potassium pump were not functioning. How would this affect a neuron's ability to produce action potentials? What does this imply about the quantity of ions that normally cross the membrane during the course of an action potential? (Group D). Topic 2: Action potential conduction and synaptic transmission 6. How would you alter sodium and/or potassium...
***I need help on PART E of this problem. All of the information is given on...
***I need help on PART E of
this problem. All of the information is given on the worksheet
along with the hints on each part. Thank you!
The post-synaptic cell at a chemical synapse has the following distribution of ions between the cytosol and the extracellular environment. Consider that the relative permeabilities for Na, K and Cl' are 1, 100 and 50, and that there are no other significant permeabilities, lon Concentration (in mM) Extracellular Equilibrium potential mV) Intracellular 146...
*** I need help with PART F of this problem. Hints are given in other parts...
*** I need help with PART F of
this problem. Hints are given in other parts of the problem and all
information available is given on the worksheet. Please help, thank
you!
The post-synaptic cell at a chemical synapse has the following distribution of ions between the cytosol and the extracellular environment. Consider that the relative permeabilities for Na, K and Cl' are 1, 100 and 50, and that there are no other significant permeabilities, lon Concentration (in mM) Extracellular...
KEY TERMS March the numbered form with the definition that is it be definition the responding...
KEY TERMS March the numbered form with the definition that is it be definition the responding sumber in front of the appropriate 40. excitatory postsynaptic potential 21. resting potential 22 on leakage channels 23. equilibrium potential -24 graded potential 25. gated ion channels 26. depolarization 27. hyperpolarization Sensory neurons 2. central nervous system 3. motor neurons 4. intercurons 5. peripheral nervous system 6. somatic motor neurons *7. autonomic motor neurons 8. sympathetic 9. parasympathetic 10. cell body all dendrites 12....
for each, what is the right answer? 30. When a neuron encodes the strength of a...
for
each, what is the right answer?
30. When a neuron encodes the strength of a stimulus, it does so by changing A) the frequency of action potentials. B) the duration of each action potential C) the polarity of every alternate action potential. D) the size of each action potential E) the direction of the action potentials along the axon. 31. The relative refractory period of an axon begins with A) activation of chemically-gated K+ channels. B) increasing Na+ flux...
In answering the following questions, pretendu don't know anything about what is happening before the break...
In answering the following questions, pretendu don't know anything about what is happening before the break in the records. Keep in mind that voltage clamping is a tool that allows the experimenter to control the voltage across the membrane, to measure resultant current flows across the membrane, and from that in tomation to interpret the states of transmembrane ion channels. (So "action potential" and voltage clamp" cannot appear in a description of a single scenario; nor can "repolarization" and "voltage...
The right answer is (D) Please explain. I don't understand how K+ could be effluxing rather...
The right answer is (D)
Please explain. I don't understand how K+ could be effluxing rather
than influxing
Passage IV (Questions 114-117) Electrical impubses are transferred from one neuron to another via a synapse. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. In response to an electrical stimalus such as an action potential the presynaptic neuron in a chemical synapse releases a neuro- transmitner across a small space between the two neurons known as a symaptic cief. Neurotransmitiers may have excita- ory...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the S l e terminal siste oplasmic reticum calcio p r eneule warcoplasm reticulum sodium ions m o nster transverse tubules sarcolemma: calcium ions Saroplasmic reticum: triadsarcolemma: calcium ions sons bind to This causes a change in shape and exposing C D E Calcium vesicle tylcholine action potential Sodium sarcolemma calcium on myosin heads Sodium sacoplasmic reticulum calcium ions actin 15. An attaches to exposed...
Please answer all parts. Thanks in advance
19) Which statement(s) is(are) NOT true regarding cardiac muscle? Choose ALL that apply. (2.5 pts) a) Autorhythmic cells do not contribute significantly to the force of heart contraction because they do not contain many myofibrils. b) Cardiac muscle consists of autorhythmic fibers and contractile fibers. c) Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle since t contains thick and thin filaments, d) Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in that the muscle fibers...
8. Use this trace of actio (6) n potentials produced by a cardiomyocyte to answer the following questions. 90 L a. Is this a trace from a contractile cell or a pacemaker cell? Circle one. b. The type of channel responsible for causing the plateau phase of this cell is c. Imagine that a toxin caused L-type Ca channels to remain open half as long as usual. On the axes above, draw another trace of action potentials, showing the changes...
could you please explain how you did each one
5. Draw a graph showing what would happen to resting membrane potential over time, if the sodium/potassium pump were not functioning. How would this affect a neuron's ability to produce action potentials? What does this imply about the quantity of ions that normally cross the membrane during the course of an action potential? (Group D). Topic 2: Action potential conduction and synaptic transmission 6. How would you alter sodium and/or potassium...
***I need help on PART E of
this problem. All of the information is given on the worksheet
along with the hints on each part. Thank you!
The post-synaptic cell at a chemical synapse has the following distribution of ions between the cytosol and the extracellular environment. Consider that the relative permeabilities for Na, K and Cl' are 1, 100 and 50, and that there are no other significant permeabilities, lon Concentration (in mM) Extracellular Equilibrium potential mV) Intracellular 146...
*** I need help with PART F of
this problem. Hints are given in other parts of the problem and all
information available is given on the worksheet. Please help, thank
you!
The post-synaptic cell at a chemical synapse has the following distribution of ions between the cytosol and the extracellular environment. Consider that the relative permeabilities for Na, K and Cl' are 1, 100 and 50, and that there are no other significant permeabilities, lon Concentration (in mM) Extracellular...
KEY TERMS March the numbered form with the definition that is it be definition the responding sumber in front of the appropriate 40. excitatory postsynaptic potential 21. resting potential 22 on leakage channels 23. equilibrium potential -24 graded potential 25. gated ion channels 26. depolarization 27. hyperpolarization Sensory neurons 2. central nervous system 3. motor neurons 4. intercurons 5. peripheral nervous system 6. somatic motor neurons *7. autonomic motor neurons 8. sympathetic 9. parasympathetic 10. cell body all dendrites 12....
for
each, what is the right answer?
30. When a neuron encodes the strength of a stimulus, it does so by changing A) the frequency of action potentials. B) the duration of each action potential C) the polarity of every alternate action potential. D) the size of each action potential E) the direction of the action potentials along the axon. 31. The relative refractory period of an axon begins with A) activation of chemically-gated K+ channels. B) increasing Na+ flux...
In answering the following questions, pretendu don't know anything about what is happening before the break in the records. Keep in mind that voltage clamping is a tool that allows the experimenter to control the voltage across the membrane, to measure resultant current flows across the membrane, and from that in tomation to interpret the states of transmembrane ion channels. (So "action potential" and voltage clamp" cannot appear in a description of a single scenario; nor can "repolarization" and "voltage...
The right answer is (D)
Please explain. I don't understand how K+ could be effluxing rather
than influxing
Passage IV (Questions 114-117) Electrical impubses are transferred from one neuron to another via a synapse. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. In response to an electrical stimalus such as an action potential the presynaptic neuron in a chemical synapse releases a neuro- transmitner across a small space between the two neurons known as a symaptic cief. Neurotransmitiers may have excita- ory...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the S l e terminal siste oplasmic reticum calcio p r eneule warcoplasm reticulum sodium ions m o nster transverse tubules sarcolemma: calcium ions Saroplasmic reticum: triadsarcolemma: calcium ions sons bind to This causes a change in shape and exposing C D E Calcium vesicle tylcholine action potential Sodium sarcolemma calcium on myosin heads Sodium sacoplasmic reticulum calcium ions actin 15. An attaches to exposed...
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