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8. The market for flu shots is currently (below/equal to/above) the efficient output. However, this market could produce the

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In the market for flu shots, marginal social benefit exceeds marginal private benefit because those who chose not to get a flu shot receives a positive externality in a reduced chance of get affected by the flu. But in market equilibrium, flu shots are produced in the market where marginal private benefit is equal to the marginal private cost. it means, the market for flu shots is currently below the efficient output. However, this market could produce the efficient quantity if the beneficiaries of the external benefits sufficiently compensated those receiving the shot.

This compensation mechanism is likely to develop in this case because this market creates a positive externality. To achieve efficient quantity, a subsidy (pigouvian subsidy) should be given so that the marginal private benefit curve moves towards the marginal social benefit curve and externality is internalized.

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