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1) (16 points) Iron exists as +2, +3, and +6 oxidation number ions; Mn exists as +2, +3, +4, and +7. Which of the ions for ea
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a) Ferrate and permanganate are Fe and Mn oxyanions which contain Fe in the +6 and Mn in +7 oxidation states. It should however be noted that an oxyanion of Mn in +6 state also exists called manganate.

b) Pyrite and Alabandite are sulphide minerals of Fe and Mn respectively. In both these minerals, Fe and Mn are present in the +2 oxidation state.

c) Pyrolusite is a mineral made of Mn dioxide, i.e. Mn in the +2 state. Fe has many oxide minerals, both in the +2 and the +3 state e.g. haematite and magnetite respectively.

d) Fe in humic substances is most commonly found in the +3 oxidation state, which is the most stable for Fe. Mn on the other hand can be found as both +2 and +4 depending on the environment. In oxygen deficient environments, Mn is found in +2 oxidation state.

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