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I know the answer is A, but I want to know why and how you would...

I know the answer is A, but I want to know why and how you would figure out this question....

which acid has the lowest pKa? a) HClO4 b)HBrO c) HClO d) HlO

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Answer #1

pKa is a measure of acidity of organic acids.

pKa=-logKa

[hr® [BP HB] pKa =-log Ka

More is the acid stronger, more it dissociates, and more is the Ka value, consequently lower the pKa value. So acid with lowest pKa values are the strongest.

The acidity depends upon a lot of factors. One of the most important factor is how stable the conjugate base B- is. If base is stable, then more dissociation takes place.

The stability of base in turn depends upon a lot of factors like stability of negative charge after removal of H+, electronegativity of atom. The mkre the electronegativity of the atom, more easily it can bear the negative charge, more stable it is. As Cl is more electronegative than Br and I, so we can cancel option b and d.

Out of a and c, conjugate ClO4- is more stable than ClO- as it has more number of electronegative oxygen atoms which can stabilise the negative charge via resonance.

So (a) is the strongest acid and has lowest pKa.

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