Question

1. Assume that setA is a set that contains the following elements: 15, 1, 3, 8, 17, and 21. Assume that sets is a set that contains the following elements: 4, 8, 16, 2, 3, and 21. What are the values in the following sets? a. SetA^ setB b.setA - setB c.setA.union(setB) d.setA & setB 2. Construct truth table for the following Boolean expressions: (A or B) and not B. 2 3. The Python file, named apple.py contains the following segment of code: 1 def apple(n): fs = [] for i in range(1, n + 1): if n % i == 0: fs.append(i) return fs 3 4 5 6 7 00 9 1s = apple(10) 10 11 print(1s) 12 print(len(1s)) a. On line 9, = appears. What does this do? b. On line 4, == appears. What does this do? c. What will line 11 cause the script to print? d. What will line 12 cause the script to print? e. What is the purpose of the function apple? 4. What happens when the programmer forgets to update the loop control variable in a while loop? Explain with example.

Answer 1

• Below is the detailed implementation of the above problem in PYTHON with code and output shown wherever neccessary.
• For 1,
• setA={15, 1, 3, 8, 17, 21} and setB={4,8,16,2,3,21}

a) setA ^ setB means that the elements which are not common in both will be in the resulting set i.e, {16, 1, 2, 17, 4, 15}. It means similar to Xor as Xor of 1 and 1 is 0 but Xor of ( 1 and 0 ) or ( 0 and 1 ) is 1.

>>> set([15, 1, 3, 8, 17, 21])*set([4,8,16,2,3,21]) {16, 1, 2, 17, 4, 15)

b) setA - setB means that those elements which are present in setB and setA too are deleted from setA, so this will result in {1, 17. 15}. It simply means that delete those elements from setA which are present in setB.

>>> set([15, 1, 3, 8, 17, 21])-set ([4,8,16,2,3,21]) {1, 17, 15)

c) setA.union(setB) means take the union of both the sets i.e, resulting set will contain all the elements of setA and setB i.e, {1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 16, 17, 21}.

>>> set([15, 1, 3, 8, 17, 21]).union (set([4,8,16,2,3,21])) {1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 16, 17, 21) >>>|

d) setA & setB means the common elements in both the set will be in our resulting set similar to logical and(&) operator which is 1 (when both a&b=1(when a=1 and b=1)). So result is  {8, 3, 21}.

>>> set([15, 1, 3, 8, 17, 21]) & set ([4,8,16,2,3,21]) {8, 3, 21) >>> |

• For 2,

A	B	A or B	not B	(A or B) and (not B)
0	0	0	1	0
0	1	1	0	0
1	0	1	1	1
1	1	1	0	0

• For 3,

a) on line 9 , = (assignment operator) assigns value returned by the function apple(10) to ls i.e, a list is assigned to ls as returned by apple() function.

b) on line 4 , ==(relational operator) is used to check if the operands on both sides are equal or not, if equal it returns True othewise False. So there it is checking if n is divisible by i or not.

c) On line 11 print(ls) will print list ls returned by apple(10) i.e,

[1, 2, 5, 10]

d)On line 12 print(len(ls)) will print length of list ls using len() function i.e, 4 as can be seen in the above list.

e) apple() function returns the list of integers which are divisors of n i.e, those integers i for which n%i=0.So it is used to find the divisor of a number n.

In [13]: def apple(n): fs=[] for i in range(1, n+1): if n%i==0: fs.append(i) return fs 1s-apple(10) print(15) print(len(15)) [1, 2, 5, 10] 4

• For 4,

If a programmer forgets to update the loop control variable in a while loop then the while loop will never terminate, for example:

#loop control variable
i=0
#while loop
while i<=10:
# updating loop control variable
i+=1

If line containing i+=1 is commented then you can see that condition of while loop will always be true so it will run forever without termination.

So if you still have any doubt regarding this solution please feel free to ask it in the comment section below and if it is helpful then please upvote this solution, THANK YOU.