Question

1.Draw the Bohr Rutherford diagram for calcium showing the nuclear contents and correct placement of electrons

2.Draw a Lewis Diagram of calcium

3.An isotope of calcium has a mass of 41 atomic units. What is meant by the term isotope?

Answer 1

1)

This is the Bohr Rutherford diagram for calcium.
Calcium contains 20 protons 20 neutrons which makes the nucleus and 20 electrons are revolving around the nucleus. The first orbit contains 2 electrons for the 1s2 configuration, 2nd orbit contains 8 electrons for 2s22p6 configuration, 3rd orbit contains 8 electrons for 3s23p6 configuration and the 4th orbit contains 2 electrons for 4s2 configuration.

There are a total of 20 electrons 20 protons 20 20 neutrons 20

2)

This is the Lewis dot structure of calcium in which 2 dots represents the 2 valence electrons that come from the last orbital. These two electrons take participate in chemical reactions.

Ca

3) If two or more elements have same atomic number but different mass number due to presence of different no of neutrons are called isotope

A normal calcium have 20 protons and 20 neutrons in their nuleus so it atomic no is 20 and the mass number is 40 (20 protons+ 20 neutons)

If the element has 20 protons it will be calcium but since there are one more nutron i.e. 21 neutrons are present there then the mass number will be 41. So this is an isotope of calcium.