Question

While I transform maleic acid to fumaric acid in the lab, my percent yield showed 20%. (The experimental mass of fumaric acid/ theoretical mass of fumaric acid * 100)

What could be the reason except the human errors and transfer losses that I got less than 100% yield?

Answer 1

Important reason to get a less yield of fumaric acid is less solubility in water as compare with maleic acid

acid Fumaric OH * maleic acid OH OH 1 There I less are yield several reasons of fumaric acid for from getting maleic acid If the initial concentration less then a conversion of to fumaric acid is less of maleic acid is maleic acid (2) If we use a catalyst for such conversion then it can decreases the rate for e by doing reverse conversion Fumaric acid to moleic acid, so reaction should do catalyst free so that yield can enhance (3) Time acid point work increases the conversion of malcic to fumaric acid but at perticalar this conversion decreases so reaction with that a perticular temperature 24) at C Temperature is very important high temperature bond is carbon - carbon double bond factor flexible

Dale Page and because of flexibilite, bond rotation is possible. so at very high temperature it favours. maleic acid formation which decreases formation of fumoric acid very important reason for ress yield of. fumoric acid is solubility, maleic acid is more soluble in walter than fumaric acid because of hydrogen bolading in maleic acid with water molecule is stronger than fumaric acid