Question

Please explain the differences in simple distillation and fractional distillation based on this graph. I will thumbs up if all work is shown.

(9. Simple distillation duel fractional distillation ---top of pure LLLLL

Answer 1

• Simple distillation is the technique which is used to separate the components presents in a liquid mixture with based on their boiling point. It is used to separate one component with the lower boiling point from the other conponent. The separated compound collected at the top as vapor which is then condensed and collected as separated liquid. This is singel steps distillation process . Simple Distillation is used when the boiling point difference between the components are too high.

While, Fractional distillation is multiple steps distillation process where you boil a mixture of liquids, collect the vapor and re-condense it. This technique is generally used when liquid mixture has components with boiling point difference less than 25oC .

• In this given Temperature Vs Time graph, boiling point of pure B is very low and boiling point of pure A is relatively high. So, with the increasing temperature in the initial part of the fractional distillation, B is vaporised first and in the late part of the fractional distillation, A is vaporised last. But in between this two part there is no pure component A and pure component B , there is a mixture of this two components.

For fractional distillation the graph is similar to the simple distillation process at begining of fractional distillation . With the repetition of the distillation processes for fractional distillation, amount of mixture of the two components are decreases and the graph will become sharp in between the pure A and pure B.

For simple distillation process, due to mixture of two components is very high and therefore with increasing of temperature the graph is moderately extend with time .