Question

5. Distillation: how does it work, differences between simple and fractional distillation. 6. Crystallization: how to choose solvent, how to crystallize substance. Vacuum filtration. 7. Extraction: how to predict which layer is organic and which is aqueous, how to separate neutral compound from acidic/basic compound. 8. Chromatography: basic principles, various techniques (TLC, column, GC), connection between polarity of substance, polarity of solvent and R 9. Mechanisms: S1, S,2, elimintaion of water from alcohols (keep in mind than several products are possible!), basic knowledge about substitution reactions (favourable and unfavourable substrates, limiting steps and so on). 10. Calculations: theoretical yield, percent yield, limiting reagent. 11. Gringard reagent: preparation, synthetic application. Its reaction with carbonyl com- pounds 12. Basic kinetics: uni- and bimolecular reactions, rate determining step, order of reaction, differential equations. 13. Also review nomenclature: how to convert name to structure and vice versa.

Answer 1

As per HOMEWORKLIB POLICY for multiple questions 1st one considering
• Distillation & Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points. The process of destillation begins with heating a liquid to bailing point. The requid formes vapour after evaporation process. Then this vapour is cooled down by passing through pipes or tubes at a tower temperature This cooling vapour then condenses and forms a destinate. Example - Purification of Alcohol i 2 Desalination ③ Making liquefied gases from air.

imple Distillation llation fractional Distillation separate boiling po 애아 used to ato liquids with ng point gaps. thy separat It is used to. separate llquids of closon bof arra points. 4 at least 50° c ② sample de will only ble distillaton only have one destruation : . ² Frackonal cycle will have at least two cycles capourization-condensal -tong, cycle in the whole process.. ☺ It uses apparatus with 2 feo - uses a simple 6 It uses a complex us with a fearch apparatus with a a condenser. I prachonating commn. na 9 Process does not 10 Process has to be have to be repeated. repeated several times to get the par components It is a destination faster step. 6 It needs more 7. time for llquids to distel, 7 It canolot be 16 It can not be used to separate separate a solven 2 solvent from from soluta a salute I used used to pwrity to crude oil refrina sea coater

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