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Any reaction involving a carbonyl group and a strong acid begins with the same first step,...

Any reaction involving a carbonyl group and a strong acid begins with the same first step, which is __________________ of the carbonyl oxygen.

Using condensed molecular formulas (C#H#X#Y#) for your answers, predict the products of the reactions of C6H5CH2CHO (phenylacetaldehyde) with these reagents, and identify the functional group produced in the product. Note that the Tx symbol above allows you to do a subscript.

a. NaBH4 / CH3OH

b. 1. CH3MgBr; 2. H2O

c. Ph3P=CHCH3

d. CH3CH2OH (excess), H+

e. (CH3)2CHNH2, H+

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