Question

melpful questions to be answered in your Prelab before you enter the laboratory 1) write the balanced equation and mechanism for today's reaction. Assume tristearin shortening. 2) There is a main difference between potassium and lithium salt soaps. What is it? 3) After 3 weeks, a student took their soap home without checking its pH. Why was this foolish? 4) CLR is a product which claim to remove calcium, lime and rust (CLR!). How does it work? 5) Explain how soap is able to clean off oil from a molecular viewpoint (look up "micelle" to help).

Answer 1

2)Pottasium and lithium belongs to first group of periodic table.Lithium salts dissociate less easily in water compare to pottasium and sodium due to its small size and covalent bonding charecter and is purely ionic.Pottasium is highly explosive,so it kept in kerosene while lithium stores in hydrocarbon sealent due to its high reactivity.Alkali metals mainly stores in dense substance,but lithium is not much dense compared to pottasium and other elements in first group elements.

3) While using soap for washing our hands and others,it is important to check its pH.Soaps with high pH causes an increase in skin pH,may lead to increase dehydrating effect,irritability etc..Majority of the soaps having pH range between 9-10.Our skin is mildly acidic,so high pH burns our skin.

4)CLR or calcium lime rust commonly used in every houses as a cleaning product used for dissolving stains such as calcium,lime and rust(iron oxide).Main ingredients in CLR is water,gluconic acid,citric acid,lactic

acid,surfactants,glycolic acid.Citric acid in CLR is for soften the water and provide smell.The mineral deposits are dissolved by gluconic acid.Lactic acid keeps moisture inside the solution andkeep it from evaporating quickly.Glycolic acid is used to penetrates the surfaces to get deep stain lifted and removed.For to clean metal and remove rust,sulfamic acid used.

Since it is a good cleaning product,it is harmful too,due to its chemicals present.

5) Soaps(eg:sodium cirate)are typical surfactants which can act as emulsifiers for stabilizing oil in water emulsions.Thier cleansing action is ascribed to thier ability to emulsify oil with water.There are two ends hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends.The hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of the surfactants gets attached to the oil and its hydroohilic polar end attached to water.its form an interfacial film,which lowers the interfacial tension between oil and water,and leads to emulsification.This process is known as micelle formation .

MICELLE FORMATION POLAR END oir HYDROCARBON CHON INTERFACIAL FILM OF EMULSIFIER WATER

  

NB;(Question No;1 , need more clarification)