Question

1. While working in the biosafety cabinet to culture your epithelial cells, a loud sound from the construction of Perry Hall started you and you spilled an unknown liquid into your cell culture. The next day, you noticed an increase in the nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio and suspect you may have created some stem cells! What can you do to test your hypothesis? 2. You and your team wish to address the organ shortage problem and engineer kidney tissue which could be implanted into a patient a) For your first step, you decided to figure out what cells to use. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells from a donor, primary cells obtained from the patient's kidney, induced pluripotent stem cells? b) You researched kidney morphology and decided to 3D print the tissue architecture then seed each section with the appropriate cell type. What experim pots do you need to run before proceeding to clinical trials? Hint: what cell functions are important? c) Your scaffold material is a collagen hydrogel that is 20kPa in stiffness. Can your scaffold material influence the epigenetic landscape of your cells? If yes, what influences might it have? Support your claim with literature.

Answer 1

1. Two distinct populations of spherical stem cells with high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio have been recently identified in the adult mammalian ovary surface epithelium (OSE) including nuclear OCT-4A positive very small embryonic-like (VSELs) and cytoplasmic OCT-4 expressing ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs).

And also high nucleus / cytoplasmic ratio indicates the cell malignancy.

Restaurant :

   A combined ultrahigh frequency ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) technique was used to assess the size and N:C ratio of cultured cancer cells in three dimensions (3D). The diameters of the cells and their stained nuclei were obtained by fitting the power spectrum of backscattered US pulses and emitted PA waves, respectively, to well-established theoretical models. For comparison, an imaging flow cytometer (IFC) was also used to determine the two-dimensional cell and nucleus sizes from large cell populations using brightfield and fluorescence images, respectively. An N:C ratio was calculated for each cell using the quotient of the measured nucleus diameter and the total cell diameter.