Question

Chapter 11 Animals:

11.1-11.13

What are some of the general characteristics of this Kingdom?

Define the following:

Acoelomate:

Pseudocoelomate:

Coelomate:

Are there advantages for coelomate animals? What are they?

Are most animals vertebrates or invertebrates?

How does bilateral symmetry differ from radial symmetry?

What is cephalization?

How do protostomes and deuterostomes differ?

What are certain land adaptations that occurred for animals to evolve?

A triploblastic animal would have what 3 tissue layers?

How do certain phylum/classes (insects) impact humans?

Important terms: Define

Gamete-zygote-blastula-gastrulation-adult:

Blastopore:

Open circulation:

Closed circulation:

Symbiosis-mutualism-commensalism-parasitism:

Torsion:

Segmentation:

Endoskeleton:

Exoskeleton:

Complete and incomplete metamorphosis:

Answer 1

# General characters of animals are : animals are eukayotic multicellular orgnisms that lack cell wall. They are heterotrops. Most of them reproduce sexually. They are capable of locomotion in some point of its life cycle.

# Acoelomate : animals which do not have coelom ( body cavity ). Eg. Sponges, flatworms, etc.

Pseudocoelomate : animals which have body cavity derived from blastocoel of the embryo called pseudocoel. Eg. Round worms.

Coelomate : animals which have true coelom, body cavity arises as a cavity in embryonic mesoderm.

#

# Advantages for coelomate animals are : they provide space and protection for internal organs and organ systems. Fluids in body cavity helps in transport of foor and nutrients and removal of waste. True coelem has tissues that can form muscles next to the digestive tract, allowing them to push food along more efficiently.

# Most of the animals are invertebrates. Among the animals arthropoda have the largest number of species.

# Bilateral symmetry are type of symmetry that the body can be divided into 2 equal halves by a single plane. Eg. All vertebrate ( man ). Radial symmetry are type of symmetry that the body of an individual can be divided into equal halves by any plane passing through the centre from top to bottom. Eg. Sponges, star fish.

# Cephalization : during the course of evolutiin, the concentration of sense organs, nervous tissue ( brain ) and food catching organs at the anterior end forming head and brain.

# Prostostomes are animals which develop mouth of the digestive tract first in the embryo and an-us later. Eg. Flatworms, insects.

Deuterostomes are animals which develop an-us first in the embryo and mouth is formed later. Eg. Man.

# Certain land adaptations that occurred for animals to evolve : conversion of fins to limbs. Conversion of gills to lungs.

# A triploblastic animal have 3 tissue layers they are called germs layers i.e. ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm.

# Insects have positive and negative impact to human. They destroy wooden building materials, ruin stored grain, and accelerate the process of decay. They also have a profound impact on the health of humans and domestic animals by causing annoyance, inflicting bites and stings, and transmitting disease ( malaria )

Insects are also very usefull to human as they provide food ( honey, eatable insects ), silk, aesthetics ( butterfly ),etc.

# gamete: a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Zygote: A zygote is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between male and female gametes.

Blastula: After the cleavage produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula.

Gastrulation : the process by which a gastrula forms from a blastula

Blastopore : the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior.

Open circulation : In the open circulation, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels and is pumped directly into a cavity called hemocoel.

Closed circulation: in the closed circulation, the blood is pumped through the vessels separate from the interstitial fluid of the body

Symbiosis : interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both ( cannot live without one another)

Mutualism : Mutualisms are defined as interactions between organisms of two different species, in which each organisms benefits from the interaction ( can live without one another )

Commensalism : In a commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is generally unaffected

Parasitism: relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other.

Segmentation: it is the division or differentiation of the body into distinct portion called segments

Endoskeleton.: an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates

Exoskeleton: the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, eg. Calcereous shell of molusc, nail, horn.

The complete metamorphosis . occurs through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The incomplete metamorphosis occurs through three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.