Homework Answers
13.
- Local potential : These are graded means they vary in voltage (magnitude) according to the strength of stimulus. When more intense stimulus opens more ion gates than the weak stimulus so more sodium enters the cell(depolarization) and the voltage changes more than it does to wealer stimulus usually.
- Action potential : this follows all or none law that is when the nerve impulse is travels to the other neuron the changes in the sodiun and potassium channels occurs when it reaches the threshold the sodium channels open at the beginning of action potential thus sodium moves in causing depolarization followed by repolarization thus a nerve stimulus travels.
- EPSP : Excitatory postsynaptic potential - graded potential example increase in permeability to cations (Sodium or Calcium) influx through slow or fast channels cause depolarization followed by potassium efflux. These ionic movements are passive as the flow is down the concentration gradients. (Release of Ach cause excitation).
IPSP - Inhibitory Post synaptic potential : graded potential, incrase in permeability of anions thus chloride ion moves in and tend to hyperpolarize the memberane thus IPSP is generated.
End plate potential : graded potential as these follows the voltage gated channels. These are the voltages which cause depolarization of skeletal muscle fibers caused by the neurotransmitter binding to the memberane (post synaptic) at the neuromuscular junction. These are largely produced by Ach controls senses like touch etc.
14. False : to generate an action potential requires the stimulus to reach the threshold only by ipsp results in influx of anions that stabilise the memberane(hyperpolarize) . In case of both Epsp and ipsp there is a likehood for the depolarization to cause action potential.
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12. (5 points) Indicate whether the following are Graded OR All-or-None responses. - Local potential -Action...
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8. Indicate whether the following lead to Depolarization OR Hyperpolarization (1) Opening of K+ channels on the post-synaptic membrane. (2) Opening of Cl- channels on the post-synaptic membrane. (3) Opening of Na+ channels on the post-synaptic membrane. 9. Indicate whether the following are Graded OR All-or-None responses. (1) Local potential (2) Action potential (3) EPSP (4) IPSP (5) End Plate Potential 10. True or False: Temporal summation of IPSPs increases the chance of having an action potential.
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