Question

4. Systematics and Evolution (35 pts) Briefly describe the distinction between each pair of concepts: D. Biological vs. Paleontological Species Concept E. Genetic Drift vs. Natural Selection F. Cladogenesis vs Anagenesis G. Microevolution vs. Macroevolution

Answer 1

Answer (D) Biological species Concept A population or group of populations whose members have the Potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring Paleontological species Concept paleontological speves. concept focuses on morphologically discrete species known only from the fossil record.

Genetic Drift Natural selection $ Random process Non random proces V Non directional, Non adaptive evolution & Directional, generation adaptive trait. of operate allele on neutral operate on any allele.

@ cladogenesis 1 Anagenesis → Cladogenesis is an Anagenesis is an evolutionary change of a evolutionary change of a particular species in single lineage in which one which new species are taxon replaces by another branched off from without branching a Common ancestral species p one gene pool is A single gene pool Converted into another is split into several gene pool. gene poole. → Tachytely horotely Tachyschizia, horosch- and bradytely are Linia and bradyschiziq three modes. are three modes.

Microevolution Macroevolution. time. Microevolution refers to macroevolution refers to the small scale chang- mayor evolutionary changes es in gene frequencies over a longer period of of a population over a short period of time within species or alove the level of population population. Small-scale - targe scale evolutionary - evolutionary change change. observable through t Not directly obsen- experimental evidence -able. may need to Consider fossil evidence. _