Question

Question 3: The resurgence lasted until approximately 1992, then, in the United States, it began to abate.
In 2005 the TB case rate in the U.S. was 4.8 per 100,000, as the U.S. medical community brought the

epidemic under control (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, National Prevention Information Network, n.d.). However, in U.S. prisons and all

over the world TB remains a serious health problem.
In the U.S., zero tolerance drug laws have resulted
in a burgeoning incarcerated population, which
constitutes a significant reservoir of disease, with a far higher incidence rate than the general population. In New York prisons, the incidence rate of TB is 156.0/100,000compared to the rate of 10.4/100,000 in the general population (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2009). Considering all you have learned in Parts I and II, discuss why these rates may be so much higher in prison.

Answer 1

Answer Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease that spreads mainly due to overcrowdina and individuals with poor immune system a due to malnutrition, lack of proper did A ll this factors are quite lona common in the prisons and the prisoners suffer a high risk of tuberculosis infection which can later spread to the general community. Prisons are considered reservoirs facilitating TB and multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) transmission through their walls into the community at large. Trans mission occurs through the prison staff risitos and released einmates Reasons for high incidence of TB are ② Prisoners normally comes from high mish group of the population and are in generally poor financial states, with ry withe education, marks the socio- economically deprived sectors of the population where the incidence уле,

TB infection and transmission are higher. e often have limited access to healthcare series and medical help and hence suffer an additional health problems such as oholism, tobacco smoke drug addiction which for the damages and makes The sistem systein compromised makina compromis their immune it easier . for the infection to spread facelities from addition 2 Prisons have high exposure to TB because of factors that cause infection and progression of disease. These include overerowding, poor rentillation frequent transfer ol prisoners between prisons, poor infection control practices poor nimition and diet, limited access to health care. and sometimes even with delays en diagonisis diagnosis and inadequate treatment have are added to the incred z the number of incidence of to in rease the prisons.

The very high Incidence rate and the substantial population attributable fraction show that much better TB control in prisons could potentially protect prisoners and staff from within-prison spread of TB and would significantly reduce the national burden of TB. Future studies should measure the impact of the conditions in prisons on TB transmission and assess the population attributable risk of prison-to-community spread which is serving as the major factor for the spread of this deadly disease in the worldwide community which is a serious concern about public health.The prisons should even be provided wih proper medical diagnosis and treatment facilities to prevent the emergence of Multi - drug Resistant forms of Tuberculosis (MDR -TB) for which the prisons are the main reservoirs.