Question

1. Antibodies that are produced in an individual in response to antigen X from species Y but are able to bind to an unrelated antigen A from species B are referred to as: a. cold agglutinins b. heterophile agglutinins c. auto agglutinins d. febrile agglutinins 2. The Rheumatoid Factor is primarily an IgM immunoglobulin against the patient's own: a. Fc mu region b. Fc gamma region c. Fab gamma region d. Fab mu region 3. Clumping and sedimentation of particulate antigen/antibody complexes is: a. agglutination b. precipitation c. PCR d. prozone 4. What would happen if the anti-human Ig-conjugated with enzyme was not washed from the well before the substrate was added during ELISA testing? a. The ELISA would not develop when the substrate was added. b. The ELISA would develop normally. c. All wells would show under-developed color due to unbound and excess anti-human Ig enzyme conjugate. d. Wells would show an increased color development.

please help thanks!

Answer 1

Question 1) option B, heterophile aagglutinins

This type of agglutinin interact with different antigens. Heterophile means this antibody interact with other antigens also , which are not exposed to it earlier.

Question 2) option B, Fc portion of IgG ( gamma chain)

Here autoantibodies interact with Constant part of IgG , form immune complex and cause disease progression.

Question 3) option a, agglutination

When antigen and antibody are in equal no , then both antigen and antibody interact with each other form net like structure and precipitation is known as agglutination.

Question 4) option D, wells will develop increase colour development.

Anti human antibody conjugated with HRP is added during last step of ELISA. In case of and

Given present in patient serum due to antigen antibody interactions, this autoantibodies conjugated with HRP binds . Excess autoantibodies is now washed, as HRP binds to this autoantibodies react with substrate and produces colour. If washing step us not done properly than due to presence of bound as well unbound autoantibodies HRP react with substrate and there will be excess color development.