Question

In the table below, complete the comparisons between animal mitochondria and plant chloroplasts for each of the categories. So be as complete and detailed as possible, you may add more detail as you see fit.

CATEGORY MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS Function of organelle Primary functions Location of functions Structure of organelle • Membrane structure Proton gradient Compartment names Genome structure Types of encoded genes

Computer typed, please.

Answer 1

Function

Mitochondria

They are present in the cell cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP generation. mitochondria are also known as "power-house of the cell". they have a main role in the cellular respiration also.

Chloroplast

They are present throughout the surface of the green leaves of a plant (cytoplasm of the cell) and also present in the green areas of a plant like green stems, etc. they are responsible for the photosynthesis as they absorb sunlight and carry out the metabolic process.

Structure

Mitochondria

It has an outer membrane and an inner membrane. the inner membrane has folds called cristae. this increases the surface area over many times and the enzymatic reactions take place in this area. The fluid present in the cristae is the matrix.

The PMF (proton motive force) of inner membrane is 200mV and the membrane potential is 140mV.

It is divided into 5 compartments - outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, cristae space, and the matrix.

Chloroplast

It has a three membrane system which consists of an outer membrane, inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid membrane is made of thylakoids, that are flattened discs arranged in stacks called grana.

It is divided into 5 compartments - outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, thylakoid lumen, and the stroma.

Genome structure

Mitochondria

Its DNA is double-stranded and circular which contains 37 genes that codes for 22 transfer-RNA, 13 polypeptides and2 ribosomal RNAs.

Chloroplast

It has a circular DNA with around 120 to 180 base pairs. Encoded genes contain 4 ribosomal RNA genes, various transfer RNA genes, and other genes that codes for thylakoid proteins, Rubisco subunit.