1a) Acid in our stomach plays an essential role in the immune system by killing harmful bacteria and parasites that are ingested with food. Stomach acid activates the enzyme pepsin needed for protein digestion. Stomach acid signals to the pancreas produce digestive juices and enzymes to further break down food.
Pepsin is an enzyme present in the stomach that digests proteins found in ingested food. A low pH (1.5 to 2) activates pepsin. Parietal cells within the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid that lower the pH of the stomach and activate pepsin.
1b) A meniscus is what happens when you put a liquid into a container. When you put water in a beaker or test tube, you see a curved surface. A concave meniscus, which is what you normally will see, occurs when the molecules of the liquid are attracted to those of the container. A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other than to the container, as with mercury and glass.
1c) A positive control is a group in an experiment that receives a treatment with a known result, and therefore should show a particular change during the experiment. It is used to control for unknown variables during the experiment and to give the scientist something to compare with the test group.
A negative control is a group in an experiment that does not receive any type of treatment and, therefore, should not show any change during the experiment. It is used to control unknown variables during the experiment and to give the scientist something to compare with the test group.
1d) 1.Enzyme is a protein.
2. It is easily influenced, by environmental change. Environmental factors include temperature, pH, and inhibitor.
3. It acts as catalyst. The enzyme functions in accelerating chemical reaction, but the enzyme itself does not change after the reaction ends.
4. It functions specifically. The enzyme only catalyzes one kind of substrate and cannot function for many substrates. The term is called one enzyme one substrate.
5. It functions in reverse. It means the enzyme does not determine the direction of reaction, but it only functions in accelerating reaction rate until it reaches equilibrium. The enzyme also functions in substance synthesis and substance breaking down reaction.
6. It is required, in small amount. A small amount of enzyme is able to catalyze a chemical reaction.
1a- Acidic condition in the stomach is essentiaonfor the function of one digestive enzyme. Describe how...