Question

29. Explain how a localized sexually transmitted viral infection can become a disseminated infection. 30. Explain how a Chamberlain filter was used to discern whether disease was caused by a bacterium or a virus. 31. Describe why it can be challenging to develop an antiviral drug that lacks toxic side effects.

Answer 1

QUESTION 29:

Localized infection - Infection that originates in and is restricted to specific location or region within the body . For example, a sprained wrist or a sprained ankle.

Disseminated infection - infection that spreads from a primary site to a secondary site due to invasion of a foreign pathogens.

If left untreated, Sexually transmitted disease can rapidly spread from their primary site to the other parts of the body. It is important to note that the primary Infection will eventually resolve on its own without treatment but the failure to treat it will effect the other organs. Hence, becoming a disseminated infection.

QUESTION 30:

Chamberland filter was developed by Charles Chamberland in Paris in 1884. This filter consisted of unglazed porcelain candles with pore sizes of 100-1000nm . It was capable of completely removing all Bacteria ( and other cells) known at the time with a liquid suspension. Whereas, virus pass through the chamberland-filter easily. Hence, helping in differentiating whether the disease is caused by bacterium or viruses.

Question 31:

As we know, viruses uses the host's cells to replicate. Sharing the same host cells makes it difficult to find the targets of the anti-viral drugs that will engage with the virus without harming the host's cells. Well, that's not the only reason, the major challenge in developing a vaccine or Anti-viral drugs is because of viral variations. It's hard to develop a vaccine or Anti-viral drugs which is compatible with the variations.