Question

Review the work of John Snow regarding the cholera epidemic in Soho/London England in 1854. Answer the following questions: a. Describe the geographical chart he used to map the outbreak of cholera in London and Soho England. b. What body system is affected by cholera and why is it such a dangerous disease? c. Is cholera still a dangerous disease today? If so why? If not, why? d. Why did other doctors dispute John Snows beliefs about cholera? e. What did other scientists believe caused cholera? f. How did Snow narrow his research to the "broad street" pump as the source of contamination? What specifically was determined to be the cause of the cholera outbreak? and differences in the way a public health professional would follow a disease outbreak in the 21st century compared to the way Snow followed cholera?

label the answers and the work is online atleast 400 words

Answer 1

a)John Snow used a dot map to illustrate the cluster of cholera cases around the pump. He also used statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water source and cholera cases. He showed that the Southwark and Vauxhall Waterworks Company was taking water from sewage-polluted sections of the Thames and delivering the water to homes, leading to an increased incidence of cholera. Snow's study was a major event in the history of public health and geography. It is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology.

b)Cholera, an acute infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by extreme diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. Dehydration can cause the skin to turn bluish. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.

c)In spite of its extreme rarity in the U.S. and Western Europe, cholera outbreaks are still a serious health problem in other parts of the world. The World Health Organization documents over 150,000 cases each year.

Cholera is highly treatable, but because dehydration can happen quickly, it's important to get cholera treatment right away. Hydration is the mainstay of treatment for cholera. Depending on how severe the diarrhea is, treatment will consist of oral or intravenous solutions to replace lost fluids.

d)In Snow's day most physicians believed that cholera was caused by "miasmas" -- poisonous gases that were thought to arise from sewers, swamps, garbage pits, open graves, and other foul-smelling sites of organic decay. Snow felt that the miasma theory could not explain the spread of certain diseases, including cholera.

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