Describe and draw the thylakoid membrane with all the complexes required for the light reactions.
Thylakoids of land plants have a bipartite structure, consisting
of cylindrical grana stacks, made of membranous discs piled one on
top of the other, and stroma lamellae which are helically wound
around the cylinders. Protein complexes predominantly located in
the stroma lamellae and grana end membranes are either bulky
[photosystem I (PSI) and the chloroplast ATP synthase (cpATPase)]
or are involved in cyclic electron flow [the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase
(NDH) and PGRL1–PGR5 heterodimers], whereas photosystem II (PSII)
and its light-harvesting complex (LHCII) are found in the appressed
membranes of the granum. Stacking of grana is thought to be due to
adhesion between Lhcb proteins (LHCII or CP26) located in opposed
thylakoid membranes. The grana margins contain oligomers of CURT1
proteins, which appear to control the size and number of grana
discs in a dosage- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Depending
on light conditions, thylakoid membranes undergo dynamic structural
changes that involve alterations in granum diameter and height,
vertical unstacking of grana, and swelling of the thylakoid lumen.
This plasticity is realized predominantly by reorganization of the
supramolecular structure of protein complexes within grana stacks
and by changes in multiprotein complex composition between
appressed and non-appressed membrane domains. Reversible
phosphorylation of LHC proteins (LHCPs) and PSII components appears
to initiate most of the underlying regulatory mechanisms. An update
on the roles of lipids, proteins, and protein complexes, as well as
possible trafficking mechanisms, during thylakoid biogenesis and
the de-etiolation process complements this review
Describe and draw the thylakoid membrane with all the complexes required for the light reactions.
PHOTOSYSTEM II Choose... THYLAKOID SPACE WATER STOMATA NADPH WHAT THE LIGHT REACTIONS REDUCE PHOTOSYSTEMI THYLAKOID MEMBRANE Choose... HOUSES PHOTOSYSTEM I AND II PROVIDES HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS FOR THE CHEMIOSMOTIC HYDROGEN PUMPS GENERATED BY THE DIFFUSION OF HYDROGEN ATOMS THE DARK REACTIONS OXIDIZE ALLOWS THE REQUIRED GAS EXCHANGE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS BOOSTS THE ELECTRONS UP AND INTO FINAL NADP+ REDUCTION WASTE PRODUCT RELEASED FROM LIGHT REACTIONS RESPONDS TO LIGHT FREQUENCIES OF 400ish AND 680ish LOCATION OF HYDROGEN ACCUMULATION DURING LIGHT REACTIONS OXIDIZED...
The energy capturing light reactions of photosynthesis occur in mitoochondria O cristae thylakoid membranes stroma
The difference in charges across the thylakoid membrane provides the energy to make ATP. 15. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? 16. The light energy from the sun is converted to what type of energy and stored where? 17. How does ATP synthase produce ATP? Light-Independent Reactions/ Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction): 20990 91 CYCLE Cartonas DOO Depergewond redes Spele alane wide op OUTPUT 1999 dhe Megreren of op 18. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? 19. Before...
Draw a chloroplast and label the following components: thylakoids, grana, stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane. Identify where the light-dependent reactions and the reactions of the Calvin cycle occur.
Describe and Draw the path of electron through the light reactions. Indicate where (1) ATP, (2) NADPH and (3) oxygen are produced.
The electron transport chain consists of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it generat a proton gradient by a series of oxidation-reduction, or redox, reactions. Although all of the stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain) are necessary for life, the electron transport chain is sometimes called the most important stage. First complete the sentence, then answer the question. The electron transport chain uses the transfer of protons between protein...
does anyone know D?
Lab 8 Spring 2020 The Light Reactions The light reactions begin with the photolysis of water. Photolysis refers to the process by which, in the Intact thylakoid membranes and light. water is split into oxygen protons and electrons. Therefore, was primary electron donor in photosynthesis. Conversion of water, a very stable molecule, to oxygen is er unfavorable and would not occur to any significant extent without input of light energy in photosystem e process by which,...
Light reactions sequence During the light reactions, chemical reactions are occurring simultaneously at photosystem I and photosystem II. On the left, put the reactions starting at photosystem II in order from first to last. Then, on the right, put the reactions starting at photosystem I in order from first to last. Photosystem 11 Photosystem Light energy excites and ejects electrons from photosystem Electrons reduce NADP- to NADPH Hydrogen ions move back to the stroma, producing ATP Light energy excites and...
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Question 7 0.3 pts The chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle very similar to the mitochondrion. Both organelles are thought to have been acquired through an endosymbiotic event where a bacterium was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell and accidentally retained over evolutionary time and evolved into specialized organelles. Which area of the chloroplast is most similar to the inner membrane of the mitochondria such that both areas in...
The plasma membrane is very important to the cell. a. Draw and describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane. b. What is the chemical explanation for the structure of the plasma membrane? c. Diagram and four different transport mechanisms across the membrane, and then compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of each mechanism to the cell: