Question

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate is known as: O A. electron transport B. glyconeogenesis C. citric acid cycle D. glycolysis

Answer 1

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate is known as

A)Electron transport
B)Glyconeogenesis
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Glycolysis

answer: D)Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm, in the presence or absence of oxygen.

there are 10 steps involved in glycolysis

First step: hexokinase.

The first step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is hexokinase.

2nd step: Phosphoglucose Isomerase.

In this step, rearrangement of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) into fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) by glucose phosphate isomerase (Phosphoglucose Isomerase).

3rd step: Phosphofructokinase

In this step fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP)

4th step: Aldolase

The enzyme Aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

5th step :Triosephosphate isomerase

The enzyme triosephosphate isomerase rapidly inter- converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

6th step: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase

in this step, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) dehydrogenates and adds an inorganic phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

7th step: Phosphoglycerate Kinase

here, Phosphoglycerate kinase transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to form ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.

8th step: Phosphoglycerate Mutase

here,The enzyme phosphoglycero mutase relocates the P from 3- phosphoglycerate from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate.

9th step: Enolase

here in this step, The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP).

10 th step. Pyruvate Kinase

last step in the gycolysis process where the enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers a P from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP.

# The electron-transport chain is a series of coupled redox reactions that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen.

# Glyconeogenesis is the synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrates and releases free glucose into the blood

# The citric acid cycle (CAC) is also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Krebs cycle. TCA cycle is the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP