Question

Predict how prickles ("thorns") originated in roses. Chemicals in the saliva of herbivores triggered hormones in the roses that stimulated cell division in the stems, leading to prickles on their surface. Individuals with these prickles survived herbivore attacks and produced more offspring than other roses, increasing the frequency of the prickled roses in the population over time. O Some roses hybridized with a close relative that had prickles. Individuals with these prickles survived herbivore attacks and produced more offspring than other roses, increasing the frequency of the prickled roses in the population over time. By chance, a mutation occurred in some roses that resulted in sharp bumps on the stems. Individuals with these early prickles survived herbivore attacks and produced more offspring than roses without the mutation, increasing the frequency of the prickled roses in the population over time. With increasing numbers of herbivores, roses needed defenses to discourage them. Prickles developed on stems to keep them away. Individuals with these prickles survived herbivore attacks and produced more offspring than other roses, increasing the frequency of the prickled roses in the population over time.

Answer 1

The most appropriate prediction would be option(d) as thorns are a protective mechanism for roses to protect them from herbivory. It has no relation with salivary content of animals.

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