Question

(A) Parasitism

(B) Mutualism

(C) Competition

(D) Allelopathy

(E) Mimicry

85. Two species of orange butterflies differ in their palatability to bird preda- tors; one species is common and the other is rare. 86. Specific species of fungi grow in special chambers of certain ant nests. 87. Island immigrants usually fail to colonize successfully when their potential niche is occupied by a resident species. 88. Barnacle larvae settle in enormous numbers on intertidal rocks; relatively few mature. 89. Many flowering plants may be pollinated only by hummingbirds. 90. Certain species of hydra and flatworms have algal cells in their tissues.

Answer 1

(A) Parasitism: It is the mechanism in which one organism benefits from the other. In return host does get nothing. Example is mosquito.

(B) Mutualism: It is the mechanism in which both organisms are benefitted from each other. Well known example is Lichens.

(C) Competition: It is like rivalry between species which in a way can harm both species. This can be due to lack of resources, spaces and various other environmental factors.

(D) Allelopathy: It a common biological thing by which organism produces biochemicals that influences certain aspects like growth, reproduction of another organism. Example is Black Walnut

(E) Mimicry: Similar resemblance of an organism and another object, or organism. Example is caterpillars resembles like leaves.

Question 85:

Answer: (E) Mimicry

Explanation: Two species of orange butterflies differ in their palatability to bird predators, one species is common and other is rare. Such type of mimicry is visual mimicry. In this both butterflies look exactly the same. Out of the two the unpalatable species experience less predation as they are distasteful due to poisonous nature.

Question 86:

Answer: (B) Mutualism

Explanation: Specific species of fungi grow in special chambers of certain ant nest is an example of mutualism. In this the fungi provides the stability to the nest and food to ants and in return ants provides protection and house to live. Such type of beneficial relationship is mutualism.

Question 87:

Answer: (C) Competition

Explanation: Island immigrants usually fail to colonize successfully when their potential niche is occupied by a resident species is an example of competition. In this the invasive species fail to colonize due to competition with the resident species. This invasion can be due to food, resources and various other aspects.

Question 88:

Answer: (C) Competition

Explanation: Barnacle larvae settle in enormous numbers on intertidal rocks relatively few mature is an example of competition. In this many larvae try to settle on the rocks, but to due competition for space from other predators like mussels only few mature on the rocks.

Question 89:

Answer: (B) Mutualism and (D) Allelopathy

Explanation: Many flowering plants are only pollinated by hummingbirds is an example of mutualism as well as allelopathy. Mutualism because both are benefitted. The bird gets the nectar and the flower gets their pollen transported. Moreover, they show pollen allelopathy as the flowering plants change the mechanism in such a way that the hummingbirds are attracted towards them.

Question 90:

Answer: (B) Mutualism

Explanation: Certain species of flatworms and hydra have algal cells in their tissues is an example of mutualism. Algae provides nutrients to flatworms through photosynthetic activity and in return algae gets home to live and also protection. While in case of hydra and algae, algae provide sugar, oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. And in return hydra protects the algae by providing shelter.