Question

1. Describe what is a cardioversion procedure. Can this procedure be emergent and also non-emergent? Why? 2. List the two different types of bronchoscopy performed and where these procedures take place (ex., operating room and bedside). 3. List 3 commonly used drugs during a bronchoscopy procedure. Give the route of administration and commonly used dosages. The drugs can be for sedation, suppression of gag reflex, suppression of secretions, and for bronchodilation.

Answer 1

1. Cardioversion Procedure is performed in a closely monitored hospital based setting,such as intensive care unit, an emergency department, or a specially equipped procedure room. The patient's heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, breathing rate, and oxygen levels are monitored

Cardioversion is used in emergency situations to correct an abnormal rhythm when it is accompanied by faintness,chest pain, low blood pressure,diffuculty breathing or loss of consiousness.

Non-emergency cardioversions are performed to treat atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter,non-life threatening abnormal heart rhythms.

2.. a)Flexible bronchoscopy and the procedure takes place in surgery room.

b)Rigid bronchoscopy and the procedure takes place in operating room.

3. Anti-cholinergic drugs like atropine and glycopyrrolate have been used due to the sympathetic effect which may prevent vasovagal reactions,reduces coughing etc

Clonidine has been used due to sympatholytic effects on the cardiovascular system that may reduce the incidence of arrhythmias and myocardial infarction during bronchoscopy.

Labetatol is used for its ability to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure without causing a reflex tachycardia.