Question

1. Which node of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 represents the most recent common ancestor of echidnas and Asian elephants? (Node A B C or D)

1. According to the phylogenetic tree of chordates in Figure 1, how would you describe the relatedness of the outgroup species to other chordates?

a) The painted tunicate is more closely related to lampreys than to sharks

b) The painted tunicate is not as highly evolved as the remainder of the chordates

c) The painted tunicate is equally related to lampreys and sharks

d) The painted tunicate shares a common ancestor (node B) with vultures

Painted Chestnut Horn Marbled Tunicate Lamprey Shark Walleye Newt Siamese Griffon Short-Beak Crocodile Vulture Echidna Asian Koala Elephant Feathers - Long Gestation +Nipples +Gizzard -Hair/Fur Claws/Nails Four Limbs Bone Skeleton Jaw Cranium Figure 1: Phylogenetic tree of chordates

Answer 1

Answer:

a):$\rightarrow$ "NodeA"

• The most recent common ancestor of echidnas and Asian elephant is node A.
• Because this is the node from where both taxon appears.

b):$\rightarrow$B is correct:

• The outgroup is the taxon which is less advanced as compared to other taxon in the phylogenetic tree.
• That's why painted tunicates is not as highly evolved as the remainder of the chordates

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